Mali Empire - Mali Empire (English spelling)

Japanese: マリ帝国 - マリていこく（英語表記）Mali empire

The Malinke Empire flourished from the 13th to the 16th centuries. It is said that its founder was Sundiata of the Malinke, who rebelled against the Susu tribe, who had a sphere of influence in this region after the Ghana Kingdom declined at the end of the 11th century, and defeated them around 1240. Mansa Musa (reigned 1307-32?) took control of trading cities such as Timbuktu and Gao in the 14th century, as well as Oualata on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert and Takaza, a source of rock salt, and made a spectacular pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324, spreading the name of the "Golden Empire of Mali." It seems that there were several capitals, and as the same dynasty moved its capital, and dynasties were replaced and rose and fell repeatedly, it is unclear where the capital was. In the 14th century, Malian traders called Djura or Wangara expanded their sphere of influence throughout West Africa, but thereafter it went into a steady decline. The Gao Rebellion (c. 1400) and the Tuareg invasions of Oualata and Timbuktu (1431) led to the collapse of the Mali Empire in 1550.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

13～16世紀に栄えたマリンケ族の帝国。 11世紀末にガーナ王国が衰退したのち，この地域に勢力圏をもっていたスス族支配に反抗し，1240年頃これを打破したマリンケ族のスンディアタが始祖と伝えられる。マンサ・ムーサ (在位 1307～32?) は，14世紀にトンブクトゥやガオなどの交易都市，さらにサハラ砂漠南縁のウアラータ，岩塩の産地タカザなどの都市を支配下に収め，1324年にはなやかなメッカ巡礼を行なって「黄金の帝国マリ」の名を広めた。首都はいくつもあったらしく，同一王朝の遷都，王朝の交替や消長を繰返し，どこに首都があったのかは不明である。 14世紀にはジュラあるいはワンガラと呼ばれるマリの交易商人たちが西アフリカ全体に勢力圏を拡大したが，その後は衰退への一途をたどった。ガオの反乱 (1400頃) ，トゥアレグ族によるウアラータとトンブクトゥの侵略 (1431) などにより，マリ帝国は 1550年に滅亡した。

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