Simkhovitch, G.

…The religious factors that Gibbon emphasized have been reevaluated in recent years by A. Momigliano in the form of the absorption of the best into the Christian church. The use of natural science methods gave rise to views that emphasized natural factors, such as J. von Liebig and G. Simkhovitch, who believed that the decline was caused by the depletion of soil fertility, and E. Huntington, who argued for a link between climate change and the decline, from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, but these were sharply criticized by MI Rostovtzev. Advances in medicine and biology also led to attention being paid to human factors, leading to O. Seeck's theory of the "extinction of the best," and T. Frank and MP Nilsson's theory of the inferiorization of the Roman citizen body through racial mixing, but these also came under severe criticism and faded into obscurity, especially after the crimes caused by Nazism. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Simkhovitch, G." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ギボンが強調した宗教的要因は，近年モミリアーノA.Momiglianoによりキリスト教会への最良者の吸収という形で再評価された。自然科学的方法の援用は，19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけて，地力消耗を没落原因とするJ.vonリービヒやシンコービチG.Simkhovitch，気候変動と没落の関連を説くE.ハンティントンらの自然的要因を重視する見解を生んだが，これらに対してはM.I.ロストフツェフによる鋭い批判がある。医学や生物学の進歩は人間的要因にも目を向けさせ，ゼークO.Seeckの〈最良者の絶滅〉論，人種混交によるローマ市民団の劣性化を説くフランクT.FrankやニルソンM.P.Nilssonの説を生んだが，これらも厳しい批判を浴び，ことにナチズムによる罪禍ののちは影を潜めた。…

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