A series of trenches in the western North Pacific Ocean that extend southeastward in an arc off the east coast of the Mariana Islands. It is about 2,550 km long and 70 km wide on average, but in its widest part it is more than 150 km deep. The depth of the entire area is more than 6,000 m, especially in the southwestern part, where the deepest places on Earth (as of 2004), the Challenger Deep and the Vichar Deep, are also located. The deepest part is 10,920 m (11°19′N, 142°15′E). From the perspective of plate tectonics, it is located in the subduction zone between the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. It is also an extension of the Kuril, Japanese, and Ogasawara trenches that are connected to the western North Pacific Ocean, and together with these, it forms a series of subduction zones. For this reason, the Mariana Trench has been the subject of much research in marine geophysics, especially plate tectonics, in recent years. In 1960, J. Piccard and D. Walsh successfully dived the Challenger Deep in the Trieste. [Masao Hanzawa] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北太平洋の西部、マリアナ諸島の東沖に南東に大きく弧状に張り出し連なっている海溝。長さ約2550キロメートル、幅は平均70キロメートルであるが、広い部分では150キロメートルを超える。全域にわたり水深が6000メートル以上あり、とくに南西部が深く、地球上の最深所(2004現在)であるチャレンジャー海淵(かいえん)やビチャージ海淵もこの部分にある。最深部は1万0920メートル(北緯11度19分、東経142度15分)。プレートテクトニクスの面からみると、太平洋プレートとフィリピン海プレートとの間の沈み込み帯subduction zoneに位置している。また北太平洋西部に連なる千島、日本、小笠原(おがさわら)各海溝の延長上にあり、これらとともに一連の沈み込み帯を形成している。そのため、近年、マリアナ海溝は海洋地球物理学、とくにプレートテクトニクスの研究対象として大きく取り上げられている。なお、1960年J・ピカールとD・ウォルシュとがトリエステ号でチャレンジャー海淵の潜水に成功している。 [半澤正男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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