Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de

Japanese: ミラボー（英語表記）Mirabeau， Honoré Gabriel Riqueti， Comte de

Born: March 9, 1749, Seine-Marne, Pignon
Died April 2, 1791. A constitutional monarchist politician during the French Revolution. He was known as the most outstanding orator and political genius in the Constituent National Assembly. The eldest son of the physiocratic Marquis de Mirabeau, Victor Riquety. In his youth, he was a vagabond, imprisoned, and led a life of wandering, but during this time he was influenced by the Enlightenment and wrote anti-tyranny pamphlets, and also participated in J. Brissot's "Society of Friends of the Blacks." He was elected to the Three Estates General from Aix in Provence as a representative of the Third Estate, and played a leading role in the Three Estates General and the National Assembly, participating in the drafting of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen," and became president of the National Assembly in January 1791. On the other hand, he also linked up with the ambitious Louis-Philippe Joseph, Duke of Orléans, who aimed for a constitutional monarchy, and his actions, such as making secret deals with the royal family, caused him to be distrusted. A dissolute youth, repeated imprisonment, and the intense work of parliament all made him ill, and he collapsed from overwork while giving a speech in March 1891. He was buried in the Pantheon with great pomp and circumstance, amid the deep mourning of the people, but during the popular uprising in August 1892, documents proving the close relationship between the court and Mirabeau were discovered, and so in September 1894, his body was removed from the Pantheon by order of the National Convention.

Mirabeau
Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, Marquis de

Born October 5, 1715. Vaucluse, Pertuis
[Died] July 13, 1789. Vald'Oise, Argenteuil. French Physiocrat. Father of Honoré Gabriel Riquety, Count of Mirabeau. He first joined the army, then devoted himself to research at his estate in Bignon near Paris. In 1756 he published L'Ami des hommes (Friend of Man), ou traité de la population, in which he analyzed the relationship between population growth and the increase in wealth, and became friends with fellow Physiocrat F. Quesnay. In 1760 he published Théorie de l'impôt (Treatise on Taxes), which criticized the tax contract system and called for reform of the tax system. He was accused and imprisoned, but was released thanks to the efforts of Quesnay and Madame de Pompadour. He then published Philosophie rurale, ou economico générale et politique de l'agriculture (1763), which faithfully developed Quesnay's economic theory, and contributed to the dissemination of this school.

Mirabeau

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Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1749.3.9. セーヌマルヌ，ピニヨン
[没]1791.4.2. パリ
フランス革命期における立憲王政派の政治家。憲法制定国民議会での最もすぐれた雄弁家であり政治的英才として知られた。重農主義者ミラボー侯ビクトル・リケティの長男。青年時代放蕩を重ね監禁，放浪の生活をおくったが，この間啓蒙思想の影響を受け反専制のパンフレットなどを書き，J.ブリッソーの「黒人友の会」にも参加。プロバンスのエクスから第三身分代表として全国三部会に選出され，全国三部会および国民議会に主導的役割を果し，「人権および市民権の宣言」の起草に参画し，1791年1月国民議会議長となった。一方，立憲王政を目指し，野心家オルレアン公ルイ・フィリップ・ジョゼフとも結びつき，王室とひそかに取引するなど行動に不信がもたれた。青年時代の放蕩，再三の獄中生活，議会の激務などがたたって病気がちとなり，91年3月演説中に過労で倒れた。人民の深い哀悼のうちに，盛大な儀式によりパンテオンに葬られたが，92年8月の民衆蜂起の際，宮廷とミラボーの緊密な関係を実証する書類が発見されたため，94年9月遺体は国民公会の命令でパンテオンから除去された。

ミラボー
Mirabeau， Victor Riqueti， Marquis de

[生]1715.10.5. ボクリューズ，ペルチュイ
[没]1789.7.13. バルドアーズ，アルジャントゥイユ
フランスの重農主義者。ミラボー伯オノレ・ガブリエル・リケティの父。初め軍隊に入り，その後パリ近郊のビニョン所領内で研究に没頭。 1756年『人間の友』L'Ami des hommes，ou traité de la populationを発表し，人口増加と富の増進の関係を分析して，同じく重農主義者の F.ケネーとの親交を得た。 60年徴税請負制を批判し課税体系の改革を主張した『租税論』 Théorie de l'impôtを著わし，告発されて投獄されたが，ケネーやポンパドゥール侯夫人の努力によって釈放された。次いでケネーの経済理論を忠実に展開した『農事哲学』 Philosophie rurale，ou économie générale et politique de l'agriculture (1763) を公刊してこの学派の普及に貢献した。