…In contrast, the lungs of land animals are organs adapted to breathing air, and in vertebrates they are formed as a bulge in the esophagus, and by drawing air into them, they can prevent the gas exchange surface from drying out. In most animals, whether they breathe through gills or through lungs, water is exchanged and ventilation is performed by breathing movements to keep the respiratory surface constantly exposed to fresh water and air. In fish, the direction of the water flow on the surface of the gills caused by breathing movements is opposite to the direction of the blood flow in the capillaries of the gills, and it is known that gas exchange is extremely efficient. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "gill breathing" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これに対して陸生動物の肺は空気呼吸に適した器官であって,脊椎動物では食道の一部のふくらみとして形成され,空気をその中に吸い入れることによってガス交換面の乾燥を防ぐことができる。えら呼吸でも肺呼吸でも,たいていの動物では呼吸器表面をたえず新鮮な水や空気にふれさせておくために,呼吸運動によって換水や換気が行われている。魚類では,呼吸運動によって起こるえらの表面の水流の方向と,えらの毛細血管内の血流の方向とが逆になっていて,ガス交換がきわめて効率よく行われることが知られている。… ※「えら呼吸」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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