Mirror - Mirror

Japanese: 増鏡 - ますかがみ
Mirror - Mirror

A historical tale from the Northern and Southern Courts period. 3 volumes. The most likely author is Nijō Yoshimoto. There are various theories about the date of its creation, with the upper limit being 1338 (Engen 3, Ryakuō 1) and the lower limit being 1376 (Tenju 2, Eiwa 2). The chronological record covers the nearly 150 years from July 1180 (Jishō 4), when Emperor Gotoba was born, to June 1333 (Gankō 3, Shōkei 2), when Emperor Godaigo returned from Oki to Kyoto, and the establishment of the Kenmu Restoration. The book is written in the form of a record of the history told to the author by a nun over 100 years old when he visited Saga Seiryōji Temple. The book focuses on the two extremes of the Jōkyū War and the Genkō Incident, and describes the exile of Emperor Gotoba to Oki during those times, the exile of Emperor Juntoku (Sado) and Emperor Tsuchimikado (Tosa, Awa), the state of the court and military society shaken by the alternation of power between the northern and southern courts, the Mongol invasion, and more. It is particularly detailed with articles on events at the imperial court and the cultural life of the nobles. It touches on almost all of the major historical events of the Kamakura period, but there is a bias in the selection of historical facts and the perspective. It is characterized by a court-centered depiction, and a view of the world through the eyes of the nobles. There are theories that the author turned his back on the historical inevitability of the transition from court noble society to samurai society, dreaming of a sweet aristocratic society under the dictatorial government of the shogunate, and that he wanted to prove that a cultured life full of charm and pity had continued to exist at the imperial court during the Kamakura period. The writing is elegant and sensual, influenced by The Tale of Genji. The volumes are given elegant names, such as "Fujigoromo" (Wisteria Robe), "Kusamakura" (Grass Pillow), and "Mura Shigure" (Snow Shower).

[Ryuzo Yuno]

"Tokieda Makoto, Kito Saizo and others' annotated "Japanese Classical Literature Series 87: Masukagami and others" (1965, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

南北朝時代の歴史物語。3巻。作者は二条良基(よしもと)が最有力視されている。成立年代については諸説があり、上限を1338年(延元3・暦応1)、下限を1376年(天授2・永和2)とするなど幅は広い。記載年代は後鳥羽(ごとば)天皇誕生の1180年(治承4)7月から1333年(元弘3・正慶2)6月後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇が隠岐(おき)から京都に還幸され、建武(けんむ)新政が樹立するまでのほぼ150年間を編年体で記す。形式は作者が嵯峨(さが)清凉寺に詣(もう)でた際に100歳を超える老尼が語った歴史を筆録したというもの。内容は承久(じょうきゅう)の乱と元弘(げんこう)の変を両極にして、その間の後鳥羽院の隠岐(おき)配流をはじめ、順徳(じゅんとく)上皇(佐渡)、土御門(つちみかど)上皇(土佐、阿波(あわ))の遠島配流のようすや南北両朝迭立(てつりつ)に揺れ動く公武社会のようす、蒙古(もうこ)の襲来等を描く。とくに宮廷における行事や公家(くげ)の文化的生活についての記事は詳しい。鎌倉時代の歴史的な大事件にはほとんど触れているが、その史実の選択と視座に偏りがみられる。それは朝廷中心に描かれており、公家の目で世の中をみているところに特徴がある。公家社会から武家社会へと推移していく歴史の必然性に背を向け、幕府の独裁政治下にあって貴族社会時代の甘美な夢をみたとする説や、艶(えん)とあわれに満ちた文化的な生活が鎌倉時代の宮廷に一貫して存在し続けたことを立証しようとした気持ちが作者にあったとする説などがある。文章は『源氏物語』の影響を受けて優艶(ゆうえん)である。各巻名は「藤衣(ふじごろも)」「草枕(くさまくら)」「むら時雨(しぐれ)」など優雅な名がつけられている。

[祐野隆三]

『時枝誠記・木藤才蔵他校注『日本古典文学大系87 増鏡他』(1965・岩波書店)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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