A Jewish revolt against the Hellenistic policies of the Kingdom of Syria (Seleucid Empire). In 167 BC, Syrian King Antiochus IV (reigned 175-163 BC) introduced Zeus and the gods of Olympus to the Temple of Jerusalem and issued a ban on Judaism. In response to his attempts to force Hellenistic rule, the Jewish Hasidim (pietists) led by Mattathias (also known as Maccabee or Mattathias) of the Hasmonean dynasty rebelled against Antiochus IV's tyranny and religious oppression. After Mattathias died of illness in 166 BC, his third son Yehuda (Judas Maccabaeus) led the rebellion until 160 BC, and his younger brother Jonathan led the fight until 142 BC. In 142 BC, Jonathan's successor Simon was exempted from tribute by Syrian King Demetrius II (reigned 145-140 BC, 129-125 BC) and allowed the Jews to enjoy political and religious independence, bringing an end to the rebellion. In 140 BC, at the "Great Assembly" convened in Jerusalem, Simon was appointed high priest, national ruler, and commander-in-chief of the Jewish army, and after more than 450 years since the fall of the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews regained their independence under the Hasmonean dynasty. [Masao Takahashi April 18, 2018] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シリア王国(セレウコス朝)のヘレニズム化政策に反対したユダヤ人の反乱。シリア王アンティオコス4世(在位前175~前163)が、紀元前167年にエルサレム神殿にゼウスやオリンポスの神を導入し、ユダヤ教禁止令を発布した。ヘレニズム化強行を企てたのに対して、ユダヤ人ハスィディーム(敬虔(けいけん)主義者)がハスモン家のマッタティアス(マカベア、マッタテヤとも)を指導者として、アンティオコス4世の圧政・宗教弾圧に対して反乱を起こした。前166年マッタティアスが病死すると、前160年までは三男のイェフダ(ユダス・マッカバイオス)が、前142年まではその弟ヨナタンが反乱を指導し、戦いを続行。前142年、ヨナタンの後を継いだシモンに対し、シリア王デメトリオス2世(在位前145~前140、前129~前125)は朝貢の義務を免除し、ユダヤ人の政治的・宗教的自由の独立を認め、反乱は終結した。前140年、シモンは、エルサレムに招集された「大集会」において大祭司、民族支配者、ユダヤ軍最高司令官に任命され、ユダ王国滅亡以来450年余、ユダヤ人はハスモン家のもとに独立国家を回復した。 [高橋正男 2018年4月18日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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