Governor-General of the United Netherlands. Count of Nassau. Prince of Orange after 1618. Born as the son of William I of Orange, the leader of Dutch independence. After his father was assassinated, he was appointed Governor-General of Holland and other provinces, and Supreme Military Commander. He studied mathematics under mathematician Simon Stevin (1548-1620) at Leiden University (1583-1584), which became the basis of his tactics. He recaptured cities in the east and southeast that had been occupied by the Spanish army, one after another, and his victory at Nieuwpoort in particular earned him a reputation throughout Europe as a master strategist. In 1609, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1547-1619), who led the politics of the Republic, concluded a truce with Spain, but Maurice, who wanted to continue the war against Spain, opposed this and staged a coup in 1618, arrested Oldenbarneveld, and had him tried and executed the following year in 1619. He defeated his political opponents and became the most powerful man in the Republic, but was unable to overcome cantonal decentralism. [Fukuya Kurihara] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オランダ連邦共和国の総督。ナッサウ伯。1618年以後オラニエ公。オランダ独立の指導者オラニエ公ウィレム1世の子として生まれる。暗殺された父の後を継いでホラント州をはじめ諸州の総督、最高軍司令官に任命された。ライデン大学で数学者ステフィンSimon Stevin(1548―1620)に数学を学び(1583~1584)、戦術の基礎とした。スペイン軍に占領されていた東部、南東部の諸都市を次々に奪回し、ことにニウポールトの勝利により名戦略家としてヨーロッパに名声を馳(は)せた。1609年、共和国の政治を指導したオルデンバルネフェルトJohan van Oldenbarnevelt(1547―1619)がスペインとの休戦条約を締結すると、対スペイン戦争の継続を望むマウリッツはこれに反対し、1618年クーデターを起こしてオルデンバルネフェルトを逮捕、翌1619年裁判にかけて処刑した。政敵を倒して共和国の最高権力者になったが、州分権主義を克服することはできなかった。 [栗原福也] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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