It is a lifestyle consciousness based on small private ownership in capitalist society, such as one's own home, one's own car, and one's own leisure time. In Japan in particular, it is important that it has been established in opposition to the "public" and in the vector of relative liberation and distance from it, based on the traditional characteristics of social consciousness, which are the size of the "public" sphere and its strong control. The idea of "owning one's own home" is a popular form of social consciousness called "private lifeism," and at the same time, unlike the individualistic consciousness of "me-ism" found in advanced capitalist countries such as the United States, it is characterized by its basis in small private ownership in the life world of the "person." Therefore, the idea of "owning one's own home" is nothing but a phenomenon of social consciousness that converges on the axis of the former against the backdrop of the opposition between the "person" and the "public," while directly placing emphasis on the value of "home" and "family" supported by small private ownership. In Japan, its seeds began to appear in the urban culture of the Taisho period, and it became established as an aspect of social consciousness corresponding to the "high economic growth" period of the 1960s. On the one hand, it has the potential to form solidarity with residents' movements and labor movements centered on the opportunity to protect one's livelihood, but on the other hand, it also carries the risk of being absorbed into fascism through the instability of values in "middle-class consciousness," and this ambiguity corresponds sharply to the instability of small private ownership that is its foundation. [Yoshihisa Tanaka] "Critique of Everyday Life" by H. Lefebvre, translated by Tanaka Yoshihiko et al. (1970, Gendai Shichosha)" ▽ "Critique of Private Lifeism" by Tanaka Yoshihisa (1974, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "The Pretentious Middle Class" by Ishikawa Akihiro et al. (1982, Yuhikaku) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マイホーム(住宅)、マイカー(自動車)、マイレジャー(余暇)など、資本主義社会における私的小所有によって基礎づけられた生活意識をいう。とくにわが国にあっては、「公」の領域の大きさとその支配力の強さという社会意識の伝統的な特徴のもとで、そのような「公」に対立し、そこからの相対的な意味での解放と距離化というベクトルをもって成立してきた点が重要である。マイホーム主義は、いわば私生活主義という社会意識の通俗形態であり、同時に、アメリカなどの先進資本主義国にみいだされるミーイズムme-ismという個人主義の意識とは異なって、「私」の生活世界のなかでの私的小所有にその根拠をもつところに特色がある。したがって、マイホーム主義とは、「私」と「公」の対立を背景として、前者の基軸に収斂(しゅうれん)しつつ、直接的には、私的小所有によって支えられた「家庭」や「家族」の価値に重心を置いた社会意識の一つの現象形態にほかならない。 わが国では、大正期の都市文化のうちにその萌芽(ほうが)をみせ始め、とくに1960年代の「高度成長」期に対応する社会意識の一側面として定着してきた。一方では、生活防衛の契機を中心として住民運動や労働運動へと連帯していく可能性を有するが、他方、「中流意識」の価値的不安定を通じてファシズムへと吸収されていく危険もはらんでおり、この両義性は、その基礎としての私的小所有の不安定性と鋭く対応しあっている。 [田中義久] 『H・ルフェーブル著、田中仁彦他訳『日常生活批判』(1970・現代思潮社)』▽『田中義久著『私生活主義批判』(1974・筑摩書房)』▽『石川晃弘他著『みせかけの中流階級』(1982・有斐閣)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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