A unit of mass in the imperial system. Its symbol is lb. The pound and its supplementary units are divided into three systems (avoirdupois, apothecary, gold) and two systems (British and American), and the multiple relationships of the supplementary units are also complicated. Furthermore, the size of the pound differed between the British and American systems. However, on July 1, 1959, they were unified and a common avoirdupois pound (symbol lbav, 1 lbav = 0.45359237 kg) was defined in relation to the kilogram based on the International Prototype Kilogram, and a grain (symbol gr, 1 gr = 1/7000 lbav = 64.79891 mg) common to the three systems was given from this avoirdupois pound. The system is divided into three systems and two systems due to differences in the conversion relationship from grain to other supplementary units. (1) Avoirdupois pound system (indicated by the subscript av) Supplementary units are given in a series of multiples or fractions of the pound, but a unit grain common to the three systems is determined regardless of this series. The conversion rate of the ton, a larger unit of mass under the avoirdupois system (1 ton = 20 hundredweights), is common to both the United Kingdom and the United States, but since the relationship between the hundredweight and the pound is different in the two systems, two types of ton are commonly used. 1 British hundredweight = 112 lbav = 50.80 kg 1 US Hundred Weight = 100 lbav = 45.36 kg The avoirdupois system is a British legal unit of measurement used after 1855 for measuring general items. (2) Apothecary pound system (indicated by the subscript ap) Used for measuring medicines. See (3) for an overview. (3) Gold pound system (indicated by the subscript t) Also known as the Troy pound system. Used for measuring gold and precious metals. British legal unit from 1824 to 1855. The auxiliary units for both apothecary and gold are given in a series of multiples of the grain, but the two systems diverge due to differences in small units. The origin of the pound is the ancient Roman unit of mass, libra pondo, and the symbol lb comes from libra. The dram and drachm come from the ancient Greek currency, drachme, and the grain comes from the seeds of a certain grain, and these were used as standards of weight. The ounce comes from the Latin uncia (1/12), which means uncia libra. lb |
ヤード・ポンド法の質量の単位。記号は lb。ポンドとその補助単位の系列には,3衡(常衡,薬衡,金衡)と 2制(イギリス制,アメリカ制)があり,補助単位の倍数関係も複雑である。しかもイギリス制,アメリカ制でポンドの大きさが異なっていた。しかし 1959年7月1日に統一されて,国際キログラム原器に基づくキログラムと関係づけて共通の常衡ポンド(記号 lbav。1lbav=0.45359237kg)を定義し,この常衡ポンドから 3衡に共通なグレーン(記号 gr。1gr=1/7000lbav=64.79891mg)が与えられた。グレーンからほかの補助単位への換算関係の相違から 3衡と 2制に分岐している。(1) 常衡ポンド系(添字 avで表示) 補助単位はポンドの倍数または分数の系列で与えられるが,この系列とは無関係に 3衡に共通な単位グレーンが決められている。常衡系における大きい質量の単位トンの換算率(1トン=20ハンドレッドウェート)はイギリス,アメリカで共通であるが,ハンドレッドウェートとポンドの関係が両制で異なるので,2種類のトンが慣用されている。 1英ハンドレッドウェート=112lbav=50.80kg 1米ハンドレッドウェート=100lbav=45.36kg 常衡系は 1855年以後のイギリス法定単位で,一般物品の計量用に用いられる。(2) 薬衡ポンド系(添字 apで表示) 薬品の計量に用いられた。概要は (3)に記述。(3) 金衡ポンド系(添字 tで表示) トロイ・ポンド系ともいう。金,貴金属の計量用。1824~55年のイギリス法定単位。薬衡,金衡の補助単位はともにグレーンの倍数の系列で与えられるが,両衡は小さい単位の相違で分岐している。 ポンドの起源は古代ローマの質量単位 libra pondoであり,記号 lbは libraに由来する。ドラム,ドラクムは古代ギリシアの貨幣ドラクメに,グレーンはある穀物の種子で,これらの重さが基準に用いられたことに由来する。またオンスはラテン語のウンキア uncia(1/12),すなわち uncia libraの意味である。 ポンド
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