A volcanic rock with a chemical composition equivalent to that of granodiorite. It was also called dacite, but since many of them do not contain quartz phenocrysts, the name dacite is now more commonly used. Dacite contains more silicon dioxide than andesite, and only small amounts of colored minerals. It is distinguished from rhyolite by the ratio of potassium feldspar to full-length minerals; dacite is a rock with a ratio of one-third or less, and rhyolite is a rock with a ratio of more than one-third. Dacite is generally gray and has a porphyritic texture. It contains sodium-rich plagioclase, quartz, hornblende, biotite, magnetite, and sometimes olivine and garnet as phenocrysts. The matrix is glassy or crystalline (mainly plagioclase, alkali feldspar, and silica minerals). It occurs in island arcs and active continental margins, associated with calc-alkaline andesite. [Tokiko Chiba] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
花崗閃緑岩(かこうせんりょくがん)に相当する化学組成をもつ火山岩。石英安山岩ともよばれたが、石英の斑晶を含まないものが多いことなどから、現在ではデイサイトの名称が一般的となっている。デイサイトは安山岩より二酸化ケイ素を多く含み、有色鉱物はすこししか含まない。流紋岩とはカリ長石成分と全長石成分の比によって区別され、この比が3分の1以下をデイサイト、それ以上を流紋岩という。デイサイトは一般に灰色で斑状組織を示す。斑晶としてナトリウムを多く含む斜長石、石英、ホルンブレンド、黒雲母(くろうんも)、磁鉄鉱、ときには橄欖(かんらん)石やざくろ石などを含む。石基はガラス質または結晶質(斜長石、アルカリ長石、シリカ鉱物を主とする)である。島弧(弧状列島)や活動的大陸縁辺域に、カルク・アルカリ岩系列安山岩に伴って産する。 [千葉とき子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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