1841‐1935 American jurist. Born in Massachusetts. Son of a physician and poet of the same name. Graduated from Harvard Law School. After serving briefly as a professor at Harvard (1882), he served as a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court (1882-99), its Chief Justice (1899-1902), and a justice of the United States Supreme Court (1902-32). As a justice of the United States Supreme Court, he argued that the judiciary should respect the judgments of the legislature when it comes to legislation on economic and social issues, and published many opinions opposing the majority's decision to declare many economic and social legislation unconstitutional for violating the due process clause from a natural law perspective, earning him the nickname "The Great Dissenter." Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1841‐1935 アメリカの法律家。マサチューセッツ州生れ。同名の医学者,詩人の子。ハーバード大学のロー・スクール卒業。同大学教授(1882)を短期間務めた後,マサチューセッツ州最高裁判所裁判官(1882‐99),同首席裁判官(1899‐1902),合衆国最高裁判所裁判官(1902‐32)。合衆国最高裁判所裁判官としては,経済問題・社会問題に関する立法については司法部は立法部の判断を尊重すべきであるとし,多数意見が自然法的な立場から経済立法・社会立法の多くをデュー・プロセス条項(デュー・プロセス・オブ・ロー)違反として違憲としたことに反対する意見を数多く発表して,〈偉大な少数意見者The Great Dissenter〉とよばれた。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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