Populismo (English spelling)

Japanese: ポプリスモ（英語表記）populismo

It is translated as populism. Originally, it was a political movement and ideology seen in many Latin American countries, mainly in the 1930s. It was characterized by the fact that it sought social solidarity (cooperation between classes) with the urban middle class and workers as its leaders, who opposed the oligarchy that controlled the export economy, and aimed to reform the lives of the masses through land reform and labor policies, but did not aim for fundamental social reform. Presidents Cardenas of Mexico, Vargas of Brazil, and Peron of Argentina are considered to be typical examples. It contrasts with American populism in that it was an urban movement. Today, it is used to refer to the implementation of policies that are favorable to the lower classes, and is also used as a negative term criticizing excessive state interventionism.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

人民主義と訳される。元来は 1930年代を中心にラテンアメリカの多くの国で見られた政治運動・思想のこと。輸出経済を握る寡頭支配層に対抗する都市中間層や労働者を担い手として，社会的連帯 (階級間の協調) を求め，農地改革や労働政策で大衆の生活改革を目指すが，社会の抜本的改革はその目標にないなどの特徴を持つ。メキシコのカルデナス，ブラジルのバルガス，アルゼンチンのペロン各大統領が典型とされる。都市の運動である点で，アメリカの人民主義とは対照をなす。現在では下層大衆に有利な政策を展開することを指す場合にも，過剰な国家介入主義を批判する否定的言葉としても使われる。

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