A tropical epiphytic fern of the Polypodiaceae family. It is also known as the bat orchid. It is also sometimes called by its genus name, Platycerium. The overlapping circular leaves at the base are vegetative leaves that store water and humus. The sporophyll leaves are 40-60 cm long, with spores densely growing on the underside of the tip, and turn brown when ripe. They grow outdoors in frost-free areas, and the drier the area, the closer the vegetative leaves are to the tree. Native to eastern Australia. "Bi" refers to the big elk, and the name comes from the fact that the shape of the sporophyll resembles the antlers of a big elk. The name bat orchid comes from the likeness of the vegetative leaves to a bat. The genus Platycerium has 17 species distributed in tropical regions such as Asia, Africa, Australia, and Polynesia. Ferns such as P. grande (Fée) J. Sm. ex K. Presl, with its huge vegetative leaves, and P. willinckii T. Moore, with its long drooping sporophylls, are cultivated in ornamental greenhouses. They are attached to staghorn fern wood and displayed in hanging pots. Many species prefer high temperatures and humidity, and temperatures should be maintained above 10°C in winter. Propagation is generally by division of a single plant, but propagation by sporophylls is also possible. [Takabayashi Masatoshi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ウラボシ科の熱帯性着生シダ。コウモリラン(蝙蝠蘭)ともいう。また属名のプラチケリウムの名でよばれることもある。基部に重なり合う円形葉は栄養葉で、水分や腐植質を蓄える。胞子葉は長さ40~60センチメートル、先端部の裏側に胞子を密生し、熟すと褐色になる。無霜地帯では戸外で育ち、乾燥地ほど栄養葉が木に密着する。オーストラリア東部原産。「麋(び)」はオオジカのことで、胞子葉の形がオオジカの角(つの)に似るので名がついた。コウモリランの名は、栄養葉の形をコウモリに見立てたものである。 プラチケリウム属は、アジア、アフリカ、オーストラリア、ポリネシアなどの熱帯地域に17種分布する。栄養葉の巨大なオオビカクシダP. grande(Fée)J. Sm. ex K. Preslや、胞子葉が長く垂れ下がるナガバビカクシダP. willinckii T. Mooreなどが観賞温室で栽培される。ヘゴ材につけて、吊(つ)り鉢にして観賞される。多くの種類は、高温多湿を好み、冬は10℃以上を維持する。繁殖は一般には一株の株分けによるが、このほか胞子葉による繁殖も可能である。 [高林成年] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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