...Therefore, it was only when heavy industries such as the iron industry began to expand that the Industrial Revolution brought about a fundamental transformation of society and the economy. In the 16th century, a fairly large-scale iron industry was developed in England using charcoal as fuel, but this industry, along with construction and shipbuilding, overused wood, which led to "deforestation of the forests" and stagnated in the 17th century. However, in 1708, A. Darby of Coalbrookdale developed the coke iron-making method, and in 1775, Watt's steam engine was introduced to blow air when the coke was burned, and this bottleneck was cleared in one fell swoop. From [Coal Mining]…However, large-scale use of coal did not begin until the 14th to 16th centuries, when coal began to be used in the brick-making industry and in domestic fireplaces in England and other Western European countries. In the second half of the 16th century, the growth of shipbuilding and charcoal-based iron production in England led to the deforestation of forests, and a shift from wood to coal as the primary fuel began. The main source of coal in England was the River Tyne in the northeast, and it was usually brought to London by sea from there. … *Some terminology explanations that mention "deforestation" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…したがって,産業革命が社会・経済の根底からの転換を引き起こすようになったのは,製鉄業のような重工業が拡大しはじめてからである。16世紀のイギリスでは,木炭を燃料としてかなり大規模な製鉄業が展開していたが,建築,造船などとともに,この産業が木材を乱用した結果,〈森林の枯渇deforestation〉が起こり,17世紀には停滞してしまう。しかし,1708年,コールブルックデールのA.ダービーによってコークス製鉄法が開発され,75年にはワットの蒸気機関がコークスを燃やす際の送風用に導入されて,この隘路が一挙に切り開かれた。… 【石炭鉱業】より…しかし,大々的な石炭利用が始まったのは,14~16世紀にイギリスをはじめとする西ヨーロッパ諸国で,煉瓦焼成工業および家庭の暖炉で石炭を使うようになってからである。16世紀後半のイギリスでは,造船業や木炭による製鉄が成長したために〈森林の枯渇deforestation〉が起こり,木材から石炭への基本的燃料の転換が始まった。イギリスの石炭は北東部のタイン川流域が主要な産地で,そこから海路ロンドンにもたらされるのがふつうであった。… ※「deforestation」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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