Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury

Japanese: シャフツベリー伯 - シャフツベリーはく（英語表記）Anthony Ashley Cooper,7th Earl of Shaftesbury

1801‐85
One of the most prominent and active social reformers in 19th century Britain. Known as Lord Ashley until 1851. Elected as a member of the House of Commons in 1826, he belonged to the Conservative Party and opposed the Electoral Amendment Bill in 1832, but supported the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. He was active on the Committee on the Treatment of the Mentally Disabled from 1828, and became famous for the enactment of the Mentally Disabled Act in 1845. He worked early on in the movement to reduce working hours together with Richard Oastler and Michael Sadler, and in 1833 he succeeded Sadler as the leader of the 10-hour work movement in Parliament, and in 1847 he passed the Ten-Hours Act, also known as the Ashley Act.

Shaftesbury [Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury]

1621‐83
British politician. Born into an old family in the west of England, he was a member of the House of Commons in 1640. He was a Royalist in the early days of the Puritan Revolution, but switched to the Parliamentarians in 1644, and supported the Republic, becoming a member of the Parliamentary Council. However, after Cromwell's death, he worked to restore the monarchy, and after the Restoration he became a Privy Councillor. In 1667 he became a member of the executive branch, known as the Cabal, and in 1672 he was made an earl and appointed Lord Chancellor, the highest position in the country. However, in 1673 he was dismissed from his position and joined the opposition, becoming a central figure in the movement to prevent the succession of the Catholic Duke of York (later James II) to the throne, and is also said to be the founder of the Whig Party.

Shaftesbury Earl [Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury]

1671‐1713
English moral philosopher and aesthetician. The grandson of the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, a politician known as a patron of Locke, he was educated directly by the famous philosopher at home during his childhood. However, he was ultimately unable to accept Shaftesbury's sensory-based theory of knowledge. He was sickly, but he acquired a talent for classical languages through his private tutors, and became familiar with Greek and Roman classics. As an adult, he acquired a deep cosmopolitan education in art and philosophy through his many travels on the continent and other stays abroad.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1801‐85
19世紀イギリスにおける最も著名で行動的な社会改良家の一人。1851年まではアシュレー卿として知られる。1826年に下院議員となり，保守党に所属，32年の選挙法改正法案に反対したが，46年の穀物法の撤廃には賛成した。1828年から精神病者の取扱いに関する委員会で活躍し，45年の〈精神病者法〉の制定で名をあげる。早くからリチャード･オーストラーやマイクル･サドラーとともに労働時間短縮運動に取り組み，33年，サドラーの後を継いで議会における10時間労働運動のリーダーとなり，47年に〈アシュリー法〉の別名で知られる〈10時間労働法〉を成立させた。

シャフツベリーはく【シャフツベリー伯 Anthony Ashley Cooper,1st Earl of Shaftesbury】

1621‐83
イギリスの政治家。イングランド西部の旧家に生まれ，1640年庶民院議員。ピューリタン革命の初期には王党派であったが，44年に議会派へ移り，共和制をも支持してその国務会議の議員となった。しかしクロムウェルの死後は王政の復活を工作し，王政復古後は枢密院議員となる。67年からはカバルとよばれた行政府の一員となって，72年には伯爵の位を与えられ大法官という最高の地位についた。しかし73年にその地位を免ぜられるとともに反政府派へまわり，カトリック教徒のヨーク公(のちのジェームズ2世)の王位継承を阻止する運動の中心人物となり，ホイッグ党の創始者ともいわれる。

シャフツベリーはく【シャフツベリー伯 Anthony Ashley Cooper,3rd Earl of Shaftesbury】

1671‐1713
イギリスの道徳哲学者，美学者。ロックの庇護者として知られる政治家シャフツベリー初代伯爵の孫に当たり，幼少のとき，直接この有名な哲学者の教育を家庭で受けた。しかしその感覚論的な認識理論には結局なじまず，病弱な日常にあって家庭教師を通じて体得したすぐれた古典語の才能によって広くギリシア，ローマの古典に親しみ，長じては大陸旅行その他の度重なる海外滞在を通じて，芸術と哲学に関する深いコスモポリタン的教養を身に付けた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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