In economics, competition is when economic agents pursue their own interests while competing with one another, and competitive situations are primarily classified according to the degree of price control and the competitive conditions with rivals. Perfect competition is when all agents optimize their behavior with the price as a given. In contrast, monopolistic (imperfect) competition can occur between producers. Monopolistic competition is a situation in which individual producers have monopoly power and price control through product differentiation, while competition arises as new companies supplying similar, alternative products enter the market. An oligopoly is when competing companies cannot predict a demand curve without considering the reactions of other competitors. (→ Imperfect competition ) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
経済学では,経済主体が互いに対立しながら私的利益を追求することを競争と呼ぶが,競争状態はおもに価格支配力の程度や競争相手との競合条件によって分類されている。すべての主体が価格を与件として最適化行動を行う場合を完全競争という。これに対し,独占的 (不完全) 競争が生産者間にみられる場合がある。独占的競争とは,個別の生産者が製品差別化などを通じて,独占力をもって価格支配力をもつ一方,同種の代替的な製品を供給する企業が新規参入するため競争がなされるという状況である。また,互いに競合し合う企業が,他の競争相手の反応を考慮せずには需要曲線を想定できないような場合を寡占という。 (→不完全競争 )
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