Aileron - aileron (English spelling)

Japanese: 補助翼 - ほじょよく(英語表記)aileron
Aileron - aileron (English spelling)

A wing surface that is attached to the outside rear of an aircraft wing by a hinge, and by moving the left and right in opposite directions, it changes the curvature of the wing cross section, and increases or decreases lift, tilting the aircraft to the side or correcting the tilt. Along with the rudder and elevator, it constitutes one of the three basic control surfaces of an aircraft. The origin of the word aileron is French, and although aileron is a close literal translation, it plays a more important role than just assisting in the balanced turning of an aircraft. Ailerons are characterized by moving in opposite directions, but the resistance of the aileron on the lowered side (when lift increases and the wing rises) increases, creating a tendency to stop the turn. This is called adverse yaw, and since it impairs maneuverability, measures are taken to prevent it. In addition, in high-speed swept-wing aircraft, the wing structure becomes flexible, and when the aileron is operated, the wing twists before the control surface becomes effective, and the wing does not tilt as much as the pilot intended, and in extreme cases, it tends to tilt in the opposite direction to the intention (aileron reversal), so to prevent twisting, the aileron is moved inward or used in conjunction with a spoiler. Also, because the aileron is structurally prone to flutter (self-induced vibration), its weight is reduced and weights such as lead are attached forward of the hinge to balance it.

[Kazuo Ochiai]

[Reference] | Airplane

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

航空機の翼の外側後方に丁番(ちょうつがい)で留められている翼面で、左右を逆の方向に動かすことによって翼断面の反りを変え、揚力を加減して機体を横に傾けたり、傾きを補正する働きをする。方向舵(だ)、昇降舵とともに航空機の基本の三つの舵面を構成する。エルロンの語源はフランス語で、補助翼は直訳に近いが、航空機のつり合いのとれた旋回には補助どころではなく、もっとも重要な働きをする。補助翼は左右反対の方向に動くのが特徴だが、下げた側(揚力が増して翼はもち上がる)の補助翼の抵抗が大きくなって旋回を止めようとする傾向を生じる。これをアドバースヨーadverse yaw(逆偏揺れ)といい、操縦性を阻害するので、防止のための対策がとられている。また、高速度の後退翼機では翼の構造が柔軟になり、補助翼を操作すると舵面の効きが現れる前に翼がねじれてしまい、操縦士の意図したほど傾かなかったり、極端な場合には意図と逆に傾く傾向(補助翼逆転)が生じるため、ねじれを生じないように補助翼を内側に寄せたり、スポイラーと併用するようにしている。また、補助翼は構造上フラッター(自励振動)をおこしやすいので、重量を軽くし、丁番より前側に鉛などのおもりを取り付けてバランスをとるなどしている。

[落合一夫]

[参照項目] | 飛行機

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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