Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne

Japanese: ボシュエ(英語表記)Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne
Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne
Born: 27 September 1627 in Dijon
Died April 12, 1704. Paris. French clergyman, preacher, and theologian. He studied at the Naval Academy in Paris from 1642 to 1652, and became a priest under the influence of Vincent. He engaged in anti-Protestant debate in Metz from 1652 to 1659. After returning to Paris, he gained literary fame, especially for his funeral sermons, and became Bishop of Condom in 1669 and Tutor to the Dauphin in 1671, and entered the Académie Française. He served as Bishop of Meaux from 1781 until his death. He was on friendly terms with Leibniz. At the general assembly of the clergy in 1681, he tried to avoid a schismatic confrontation with Rome under Louis XIV, but in 1782 he drafted the Four Articles and maintained his submission to the king. The anti-Protestant movement led to the annulment of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, but he opposed the subsequent persecution and supported the king's policies. From around 1694, he came into conflict with Fenelon, a representative of Quietism, and defended the freedom of Gallicism. As a theologian, he was a leading scholar of the Church Fathers and a defender of Catholic doctrine. His major works were Discours sur l'histoire universelle (1681), written for the Crown Prince, Politique tirée de l'écriture sainte (Political Theory Derived from the Words of the Bible) (6 volumes, 1709), and L'histoire des variations des églises protestantes (History of the Changes in Protestantism), which was also a popular work of its time (1688).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1627.9.27. ディジョン
[没]1704.4.12. パリ
フランスの聖職者,説教家,神学者。 1642~52年パリのナバル学院で学び,バンサンの影響下に司祭となった。 52~59年メッツで対プロテスタント論争を展開。パリに戻って特に追悼説教で文学的盛名を高め,69年コンドン司教,71年皇太子傅育官となり,アカデミー・フランセーズに入った。 81年から死ぬまでモー司教をつとめた。ライプニッツと親交があった。 81年聖職者総会でルイ 14世のローマとの離教的対立を回避しようとしたが,82年4ヵ条を起草し,王への服従を貫いた。反プロテスタント運動は 85年ナント勅令破棄をもたらしたが,それに続く迫害に反対し,王の政策を支持。 94年頃より静寂主義の代表者フェヌロンと対立し,ガリア主義の自由を守った。神学者としての彼は,教父に関する有数の学者であり,カトリック教理の擁護に努めた。主著は皇太子のために書いた『世界史叙説』 Discours sur l'histoire universelle (1681) ,『聖書の言葉より導出せる政治論』 Politique tirée de l'écriture sainte (6巻,1709) 。さらに『プロテスタンティズム変遷史』L'histoire des variations des églises protestantesは当時評判の書であった (1688) 。

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