Curator - Hosanin

Under the adult guardianship system, this refers to a guardian appointed to a person who has received a ruling from the family court to commence guardianship for a ward, that is, a person who is significantly incapable of discerning facts and circumstances due to a mental disability (Civil Code Articles 12 and 876-2).

A curator has the right of consent for important financial actions by the ward, such as receipt of principal, borrowing, buying and selling real estate and other assets, and division of inheritance, and the right to cancel actions taken without the curator's consent (Civil Code, Article 12). In addition, at the request of the ward, or at the request of the curator, etc., with consent as a condition, the family court may grant the curator the power of representation for specific legal actions, such as delegating the buying and selling of real estate (Civil Code, Article 876-4). Since the curator is in a position to represent the principal within the scope of the power of representation, when an action is to be taken in which the interests of the curator and the ward clash (action of conflict of interest), the curator must request the family court to appoint a "temporary curator" (Civil Code, Article 876-2). In addition, with the right of consent, right of cancellation, and power of representation granted to the curator, the family court may appoint a curator supervisor to supervise the curator as necessary to ensure that the duties are performed appropriately (Civil Code, Article 876-3).

[Takayoshi Ito]

"Q&A Commentary on the Adult Guardianship System, edited by Yoichi Nukada and Satoshi Hata, 2nd Edition (2003, Sanseido) " "Adult Guardianship System: Legal Theory and Practice, edited by Makoto Arai, Yasuhiro Akanuma, and Masao Onuki (2006, Yuhikaku)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

成年後見制度において、被保佐人、すなわち精神上の障害により事理を弁識する能力が著しく不十分である者について、家庭裁判所から保佐開始の審判を受けた者に付される保護者をいう（民法12条・876条の2）。

　保佐人は、被保佐人が、元本の領収、借財、不動産その他財産の売買、遺産分割など、重要な財産上の行為を行うについての「同意権」と、保佐人の同意を得ないで行われた行為の「取消権」を有する（民法12条）。そのほか、被保佐人の請求、または同意を要件として保佐人などの請求に基づいて、家庭裁判所が、たとえば不動産の売買の委任というように、特定の法律行為について保佐人に代理権を与えることができる（同法876条の4）。保佐人は、代理権のある範囲では本人を代表する地位にたつので、保佐人と被保佐人の利益が衝突する行為（利益相反行為）を行おうとするときは、保佐人は「臨時保佐人」の選任を家庭裁判所に請求しなければならない（同法876条の2）。なお、保佐人に同意権・取消権、代理権が付与されたことに伴い、適正な職務が行われるよう、家庭裁判所は、必要に応じて保佐人を監督する保佐監督人を選任することができる（同法876条の3）。

［伊藤高義］

『額田洋一・秦悟志編『Q＆A成年後見制度解説』第2版（2003・三省堂）』▽『新井誠・赤沼康弘・大貫正男編『成年後見制度――法の理論と実務』（2006・有斐閣）』

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