Kyomasu - Kyomasu

The shakkanho masu (measures based on the shakkan system) established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. When Hideyoshi carried out land surveys, he unified the units of measurement that had differed from region to region, but for masu, he used the standard one-sho masu (measures with dimensions of 4.9 sun (approx. 14.8 cm) square and 2.7 sun (approx. 8.1 cm) deep, which was used in the center of Kyoto at the time. This is the Kyoto masu. As a result, Kyoto masu came to be widely used for determining kokumori (stone mounding) and collecting annual taxes. This Kyoto masu was a one-sho masu with dimensions of 5 sun (approx. 1.5 cm) on each side and 2.5 sun (approx. 1.5 cm) deep, which was reduced by 1 bu and increased by 2 bu, resulting in a total volume of 64,827 (64,827, so-called "mushiyafuna") cubic minutes. For grains with a size of 5 go or more, a tsurugane (string iron) was provided, but this volume was not taken into account. For liquids, it is called a kijimasu (wooden masu), and does not have a tsurugane (string iron). There are various types of masu for both grain and liquid, including the 1 sho masu, as well as 1 go, 2.5 go, 5 go, 5 sho, 7 sho, and 1 to masu. After the Edo Shogunate was established, masu seats were set up in Kyoto and Edo, and there were Kyo masu and Edo masu, but in 1669 (Kanbun 9), the capacity of Edo masu (62,500 cubic liters) was made the same as that of Kyo masu, and the official masu was unified as Kyo masu. In 1875 (Meiji 8), the Ministry of Finance increased the depth of grain masu by 1 rin to compensate for the iron content of the string, making the actual volume 64,827 cubic liters. This is the current 1 sho masu, but it is incorrect to call it an Edo masu.

[Kitajima Manji and Koizumi Kesakatsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

豊臣秀吉(とよとみひでよし)が制定した尺貫法の枡。秀吉は検地の際、各地域によって違っていた度量衡を統一していったが、枡については当時京都中心に使用されていた縦横4寸9分（約14.8センチメートル）四方、深さ2寸7分（約8.1センチメートル）の一升枡を基準とした。これが京枡である。これにより、石盛(こくもり)の決定や年貢収納には京枡が広く用いられるようになった。この京枡は、従前の方5寸、深さ2寸5分の一升枡の方を1分詰め、深さを2分増したもので6万4827（六四八二七、いわゆる「むしやふな」）立方分になった。穀用の5合以上には弦鉄(つるがね)を設けたが、この分の体積は見込まれていない。液用は木地枡(きじます)といい、弦鉄を設けない。種類は穀用、液用とも、一升枡のほか一合、二合半、五合、五升、七升、一斗枡がある。江戸幕府成立後、枡座は京都と江戸にそれぞれ設けられ、京枡と江戸枡があったが、1669年（寛文9）江戸枡の容量（6万2500立方分）を京枡と同じにしたことにより、公定枡は京枡に統一された。1875年（明治8）大蔵省は穀用枡の弦鉄分を補正するため深さを1厘増して、実積6万4827立方とした。これが現行の一升枡であるが、これを江戸枡としているのは誤りである。

［北島万次・小泉袈裟勝］

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