Litigation management - Soshoushiki

Japanese: 訴訟指揮 - そしょうしき
Litigation management - Soshoushiki

Under the Civil Procedure Act, the power granted to a court or judge to ensure that a lawsuit is heard lawfully, efficiently, and completely is called the power of litigation control, and the act of exercising this power is called litigation control. The content of this power is wide-ranging, but the main ones can be listed as follows:

(1) Matters concerning the progress of litigation (designation of dates, extension or extension of periods, suspension of proceedings, etc.)
(2) Management of oral arguments, etc. (Conducting oral arguments)
(3) Regarding the arrangement of proceedings (restriction, separation, or consolidation of arguments, reopening of arguments)
(4) Clarification of the case (explanation, rejection of outdated offensive and defensive measures)
In principle, the court is the entity that directs litigation, but specifically, there are cases where the court acts directly (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 151-155), cases where the presiding judge independently acts in a collegial body (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 93, Paragraph 1, Article 137, etc.), cases where the presiding judge acts on behalf of the collegial body (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 148-150, etc.), and cases where a commissioned or entrusted judge acts (Civil Procedure Rules, Article 35). In terms of the form of litigation direction, there are de facto acts and judgments (decisions and orders). These judgments can be revoked or changed at any time (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 60, Paragraph 2, Article 120, etc.). In addition, litigation direction is carried out with consideration of the court's purpose, but the parties' right to petition is recognized for matters that are particularly related to their interests (Civil Procedure Act, Articles 17, 18, Article 149, Paragraph 3, etc.), and in these cases, if a petition is filed, the court must respond in some way.

Under the Criminal Procedure Law, it is almost the same as under the Civil Procedure Law.

[Yoshinobu Homma]

[Reference] | Court

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

民事訴訟法上、訴訟の審理が適法かつ能率的に、完全に行われるようにするために裁判所または裁判官に認められた権能を訴訟指揮権といい、これを行使する行為を訴訟指揮という。その内容は多岐にわたるが、おもなものとして以下をあげることができる。

(1)訴訟の進行に関するもの(期日の指定、期間の伸縮、手続の中止など)
(2)弁論等の整理に関するもの(口頭弁論の指揮)
(3)審理方法の整理に関するもの(弁論の制限・分離・併合、弁論の再開)
(4)事案の解明に関するもの(釈明、時機に後れた攻撃防御方法の却下)
 訴訟指揮を行う主体は原則として裁判所であるが、具体的には、直接、裁判所として行動する場合(民事訴訟法151条~155条)、合議体のとき裁判長が独立して行う場合(同法93条1項・137条など)、裁判長が合議体を代表して行う場合(同法148条~150条)、さらに、受命・受託裁判官が行う場合(民事訴訟規則35条)がある。訴訟指揮の形式からすると、事実上の行為、裁判(決定・命令)がある。この裁判は、いつでも取消し・変更できる(民事訴訟法60条2項・120条など)。また、訴訟指揮は、裁判所の合目的性の考慮によりなされるが、当事者の利害にとくに関係深いものについては、当事者の申立権が認められており(同法17条・18条・149条3項など)、これらの場合には、申立てがあれば、裁判所はなんらかの応答をしなければならない。

 刑事訴訟法上は、ほぼ民事訴訟法におけるのと同様である。

[本間義信]

[参照項目] | 裁判所

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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