Silesia - Śląsk (English spelling)

Japanese: シロンスク - しろんすく(英語表記)Śląsk
Silesia - Śląsk (English spelling)

The name of a region in southwestern Poland, stretching from the middle to upper reaches of the Odra River. Most of it belongs to Poland, but a part is Czech, and its Czech name is Slezsko. ​​Its English name is Silesia, and its German name is Schlesien. Until World War I, it was part of Germany. Its development under the influence of German culture can be seen in the architecture of its cities. It is bordered in the south by the Sudety Mountains and the Beskid Mountains, and in the east by the Krakow-Czestochowa Uplands, which borders Galicia. Lower Silesia, centered on Wrocław (Breslau), consists of the fertile plains of the middle reaches of the Odra River and the northern slopes of the Sudety Mountains. It produces potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, and other crops, and livestock farming is also thriving. The Upper Silesian industrial region, with Katowice at its core, has grown into an important industrial region since the end of the 19th century, when coalfield development progressed rapidly and the region was rich in resources such as iron ore and zinc. After World War II, the Upper Silesian industrial city agglomeration has always played a key role in the Polish economy.

[Shigeru Yamamoto]

[Reference] | Silesia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ポーランド南西部、オドラ(オーデル)川中・上流に広がる地方名。大部分はポーランドに属するが、一部はチェコ領で、チェコ語名をスレスコSlezskoという。英語名をシレジアSilesia、ドイツ語名をシュレージエンSchlesienといい、第一次世界大戦まではドイツ領であった。ドイツ文化の影響下に発展したようすは、都市の建造物などにもうかがわれる。南はスデティ山脈とベスキド山脈を境界とし、東はクラクフ・チェンストホバ高地によってガリツィア地方に接する。ブロツワフ(ブレスラウ)を中心とする下シロンスクは、肥沃(ひよく)なオドラ川中流域の平野とスデティ山脈の北斜面からなり、ジャガイモ、小麦、大麦、ビート(サトウダイコン)などを産し、畜産も盛んである。カトビーツェを核とする上シロンスク工業地帯は、19世紀末以来、炭田開発が急速に進み、鉄鉱石、亜鉛などの豊富な資源を基礎に重要な工業地域に成長した。第二次大戦後、上シロンスクの工業都市アグロメレーション(集積地域)は、つねにポーランド経済にもっとも重要な役割を果たしている。

[山本 茂]

[参照項目] | シュレージエン

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