Preserved wood

Japanese: 防腐木材 - ぼうふもくざい（英語表記）preserved wood

Wood that has been treated with chemical preservatives. The Wood Preservation Special Measures Law (Law No. 112 of 1953) stipulates that preservatives must be used for railroad ties, utility poles, and beams, girders, and legs of bridges and piers. Civil engineering materials, building materials, and pit timber are also treated with preservatives. Preservatives can be inorganic or organic, and are used alone or in combination. They can also be water-soluble or oil-soluble. Water-soluble ones penetrate wood easily but dissolve quickly. Oil-soluble ones do not dissolve easily but have a strong odor. Inorganic preservatives include zinc chloride, arsenic, copper sulfate, fluorides, and arsenites, while organic preservatives include phenols such as cresol and xylenol, as well as their chlorine and nitro derivatives, creosote oil, coal tar, and low-temperature tar. Treatment methods include: (1) surface treatment, which involves painting, spraying, and immersion; (2) injection, which involves immersing the wood in a preservative tank or using a pressure drop from a high place to drop the chemical onto the wood's cut surface; (3) diffusion, which involves painting or immersing the wood in a concentrated solution and leaving it for 1-2 months to allow it to penetrate; and (4) pressure injection, which involves placing the wood in a sealed can and injecting the preservative through a combination of evacuation and pressure.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

薬品で防腐処理した木材。木材防腐特別措置法 (昭和 28年法律 112号) は，鉄道の枕木，電柱，橋・桟橋の梁・桁・脚に防腐木材使用を規定している。ほかに土木用材，建築用材，坑木も防腐処理が施される。防腐薬剤には無機，有機ともにあり，単独または混合して用いる。また水溶性，油溶性の別があり，水溶性のものは木材に浸透しやすいが，溶出も速い。油溶性のものは溶出しにくいが，強い臭気がある。無機薬剤には，塩化亜鉛，昇こう，硫酸銅，フッ化塩，亜ヒ酸塩など，有機薬剤には，フェノール類のクレゾール，キシレノールのほか，その塩素誘導体，ニトロ誘導体，クレオソート油，コールタール，低温タールなどがある。処理法は，(1) 表面処理　塗布，噴霧，浸漬，(2) 注入　防腐薬タンクに浸す方法と高所から落差圧を利用して，薬品を木材断面に落して注入する方法がある，(3) 拡散　濃厚薬液を塗布または浸漬して，1～2ヵ月放置して浸透させる，(4) 加圧注入　密閉した缶に木材を入れ，排気と加圧を組合せて防腐薬剤を注入する，などがある。

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