Hojo Tsunetoki

He was the 4th regent of the Kamakura Shogunate. His father was Hojo Tokiuji and his mother was Matsushita Zenni, the daughter of Adachi Kagemori. In 1241 (Ninji 2), he was a member of the Council of Ministers. After his grandfather Yasutoki's death in June of the following year, he assumed the position of regent (without a joint appointment). In April 1244 (Kangen 2), he deposed Shogun Kujo Yoritsune and restored the marriage relationship between the Shogunate and the Hojo clan by marrying his sister to the new Shogun Yoritsugu (Yoritsugu's son). He served as Sakon Shogen and Musashi no Kami, and reached the rank of Shogoi no Ge. He worked hard to improve the litigation system of the Kamakura Shogunate, and on September 5, 1243 (Kangen 1), he abolished the Shogun's ability to view the Council of Ministers' documents, which were equivalent to written judgments, in order to avoid procedural delays (Article 213 of the Kamakura Shogunate Supplementary Law), thereby expanding the regent's leading role in Shogunate trials. On March 23, 1246, he resigned as regent due to illness and handed over the reins to his younger brother Tokiyori. On April 19 of the same year, he became a monk. He died on the first leap day of April. His death, as he was widely trusted by his vassals, led to political unrest within the Kamakura shogunate and was an indirect cause of the Imperial Palace Disturbances and the Hoji War.

[Kazuhiko Uesugi]

"Shinichi Sato, 'A Study of the Litigation System of the Kamakura Shogunate' (1993, Iwanami Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉幕府4代執権。父は北条時氏。母は安達景盛(あだちかげもり)の女（松下禅尼）。1241年（仁治2）評定衆。翌年6月の祖父泰時の没後に執権職に就く（連署は不在）。1244年（寛元2）4月には、将軍九条頼経を廃し、妹を新将軍頼嗣（頼経の子）の妻として将軍家と北条氏の姻戚関係を回復した。左近将監(さこんしょうげん)、武蔵守を歴任、極位は正五位下。鎌倉幕府の訴訟制度の充実に腐心し、1243年（寛元1）9月5日に、手続きの遅滞を避けるため判決文に相当する評定事書の将軍御覧を廃する（鎌倉幕府追加法213条）など、幕府裁判における執権の主導的役割を大きくした。1246年3月23日、病のため執権を辞し、弟時頼に譲る。同年4月19日出家。閏4月1日没。広く御家人の信頼を得ていた彼の死は、鎌倉幕府内部の政治的動揺を招き、宮騒動・宝治合戦の遠因となった。

［上杉和彦］

『佐藤進一著『鎌倉幕府訴訟制度の研究』（1993・岩波書店）』

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