Panin, NI (English spelling) PaninNI

...Known for her flamboyant love life from a young age, during her 34-year reign she had 10 official lovers, including Orlov GG Orlov, a guardsman and a great contributor to the revolution at court, but she did not leave politics to them. Immediately after her accession to the throne, Count Panin, a leading politician turned down the idea of ​​establishing a permanent advisory body, but the Empress, who aspired to monarchical autocracy, rejected this idea. The Empress was wise and determined, but also ambitious and vain. She studied the Enlightenment before her accession and corresponded with Voltaire and others, becoming famous as an enlightened monarch. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Panin, NI" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…若いころからの派手な愛情生活で知られ，34年の在位中も近衛士官で宮廷革命の功労者オルロフG.G.Orlovをはじめ10人の公式の愛人をもったが，彼らに政治をまかせることはなかった。即位直後，外交官出身の有力政治家パーニンN.I.Panin伯が常設の諮問機関の設置を示唆したが，君主専制を志向する女帝はこれを退けた。女帝は賢明で意志的で，同時に野心的で虚栄心も強く，即位前から啓蒙思想を学び，ボルテールなどとも文通して啓蒙君主として有名になった。…

※「Panin，N.I.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報