Radiation detector - radiation detector

Japanese: 放射線検出器 - ほうしゃせんけんしゅつき(英語表記)radiation detector
Radiation detector - radiation detector

A device that detects radiation such as α (alpha) rays, β (beta) rays, γ (gamma) rays, X-rays, and neutron rays by converting them into electrical signals, etc. Various principles and methods are used depending on the type and level of radiation in question and the purpose of detection, but all of them utilize the effect that radiation has on materials and can be broadly divided into the following four types.

(1) Devices that utilize ionization (ionization chambers, proportional counters, Geiger-Muller counters, semiconductor detectors)
(2) Fluorescence detectors (scintillation counters)
(3) Photographic devices (nuclear emulsion plates, film badges)
(4) Those that utilize radiation damage, etc. (glass dosimeters).

These radiation detectors are used for dose measurement in combination with devices that measure their output signals (electrical pulses, current, etc.), and are also used as the detection parts of various measuring devices that use radiation (liquid level gauges, thickness gauges, etc.) and diagnostic devices (X-ray fluoroscopy devices, CT scanners, etc.).

[Mitsui Kiyoto]

[References] | Geiger-Muller counter | Counter tube | Nuclear emulsion plate | Scintillation counter | Ionization chamber | Film badge | Radiation
Geiger-Muller counter configuration
©Shogakukan ">

Geiger-Muller counter configuration


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

α(アルファ)線、β(ベータ)線、γ(ガンマ)線、X線、中性子線などの放射線を電気信号などに変換して検出する装置。対象とする放射線の種類やレベル、また検出の目的に応じて種々の原理・方法が用いられるが、いずれも放射線が物質に及ぼす作用を利用するもので、次の4種類に大別される。

(1)電離作用を利用するもの(電離箱、比例計数管、ガイガー‐ミュラー計数管、半導体検出器)
(2)蛍光作用を利用するもの(シンチレーション計数管)
(3)写真作用を利用するもの(原子核乾板、フィルムバッジ)
(4)放射線損傷などを利用するもの(ガラス線量計)。

 これらの放射線検出器は、その出力信号(電気パルス、電流など)を測定する装置と組み合わせて線量測定に用いられるほか、放射線を応用した種々の計測装置(液面計、厚み計など)や診断装置(X線透視装置、CTスキャナーなど)の検出部として用いられる。

[三井清人]

[参照項目] | ガイガー‐ミュラー計数管 | 計数管 | 原子核乾板 | シンチレーション計数管 | 電離箱 | フィルムバッジ | 放射線
ガイガー‐ミュラー計数管の構成
©Shogakukan">

ガイガー‐ミュラー計数管の構成


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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