Radiolaria - Radiolaria

Japanese: 放散虫 - ほうさんちゅう(英語表記)Radiolaria
Radiolaria - Radiolaria

Protozoa (protozoans) are tens of micrometers to a few millimeters in size. They consist of a soft body made of protoplasm and a skeleton (shell). The protoplasm is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer by a central capsule. Numerous radial axial pseudopodia have developed on the outside of the outer layer. The pseudopodia play an important role in feeding. Some have skeletons that are mainly made of amorphous silicon dioxide, while others contain large amounts of organic matter and strontium sulfate. The shape of the skeleton is also varied, such as spherical, discoid, and conical, and has a beautiful geometric shape. These are made up of combinations of radial, ring-shaped, and spongy skeletons. The chemical composition and shape of the skeleton are important when classifying radiolarians. They are widely distributed from the surface of the ocean to depths of several thousand meters, but the constituent species vary depending on the ocean area and depth. Among radiolarian skeletons, those that are resistant to dissolution by seawater and decomposition by living organisms are deposited on the ocean floor after death and become sediments. In particular, in deep-sea sediments, they are one of the main components along with foraminiferal shells, diatom shells, and coccoliths. Radiolarian mud and chert, which consists of radiolarians and occupies the seafloor of the equatorial Pacific, are concentrated radiolarian skeletons. They are found in strata from the Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era to modern sediments. The evolution of radiolarian communities over geological time is useful as a means of comparing strata and as a clue to understanding the Earth's past environments. They are particularly noteworthy as an essential component in comparing strata from the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras.

[Yoshihiro Tanimura]

"Japanese Fossil Collection, Vol. 37, Vol. 55, Vol. 66, Vol. 68 (1984-1989, Tsukiji Shoten), edited by the Japanese Fossil Collection Editorial Committee""The Science of Paleontology 1: Overview and Classification of Paleontology, edited by Itaru Hayami and Akira Mori (1998, Asakura Shoten)"

[References] | Marine sediments | Protozoa | Chert
Cross-section of the soft body and shell of a radiolarian
©Shogakukan ">

Cross-section of the soft body and shell of a radiolarian


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大きさ数十マイクロメートルから数ミリメートルの原生動物(原生生物)。原形質からなる軟体部と骨格(殻(から))よりなる。原形質は中心嚢(のう)被膜により内層と外層に分けられる。外層の外側には多数の放射状有軸仮足が発達する。仮足は摂餌(せつじ)に重要な役割を果たす。骨格は、主として非晶質の二酸化ケイ素からなるもの、それ以外に多量の有機物や硫酸ストロンチウムを含むものなどがある。また、骨格の形態は、球状、円盤状、円錐(えんすい)状など変化に富み、幾何学的な美しさをもっている。これらは、放射状、環状、海綿状などの骨格の組合せにより成り立っている。骨格の化学成分や形態は、放散虫を分類するうえで重要視される。海洋の表層から数千メートルの深さまで広く分布するが、海域や深度により構成種を異にする。放散虫の骨格のうち、海水による溶解や生物による分解に対して抵抗力のあるものは、死後、海洋底に沈積し、堆積(たいせき)物となる。とくに深海堆積物では、有孔虫殻(かく)、珪藻(けいそう)殻、コッコリスなどとともに主要な構成成分の一つである。赤道太平洋の海底を占める放散虫軟泥や放散虫からなるチャートは、放散虫骨格の濃集したものである。古生代カンブリア紀の地層から現世の堆積物まで産出する。放散虫群集の地質時代の変遷史は、地層を対比する手段や過去の地球環境を知る手掛りとして有効である。とくに、古生代、中生代の地層の対比には欠くことのできないものとして注目されている。

[谷村好洋]

『日本化石集編集委員会編『日本化石集』第37集・第55集・第66集・第68集(1984~1989・築地書館)』『速水格・森啓編『古生物の科学1 古生物の総説・分類』(1998・朝倉書店)』

[参照項目] | 海底堆積物 | 原生動物 | チャート
放散虫の軟体部と殻の断面
©Shogakukan">

放散虫の軟体部と殻の断面


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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