A method of determining the age of rocks that utilizes the property of uranium and thorium radioactively decaying into lead isotopes. It is effective for dating tens to hundreds of millions of years ago. 238 U, 235 U, and 232 Th decay into 206 Pb, 207 Pb, and 208 Pb, respectively, via radioactive elements such as Ra and emitting He. The decay constants are λ 238 = 1.55× 10−10 /year, λ 235 = 9.85× 10−10 /year, and λ 232 = 4.95× 10−10 /year, respectively. The relationship between the amount of 238 U in a rock, the amount of lead 206 Pb * produced from 238 U in the rock, and the age t of the rock is 206 Pb * = 238 U( e λ238 t −1), so the age can be calculated if the amounts of 206 Pb * and 238 U are known. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ウランおよびトリウムが放射崩壊して鉛の同位体になる性質を利用して岩石の年代を決定する方法。数千万~数億年以前の年代測定に有効。238U,235U,232ThはRaなどの放射性元素を経てHeを放出しながら,それぞれ206Pb,207Pb,208Pbに崩壊する。崩壊定数はそれぞれλ238=1.55×10-10/年,λ235=9.85×10-10/年,λ232=4.95×10-10/年である。岩石中の238Uと岩石中で238Uから生じた鉛206Pb*の量と岩石の年代tの間には206Pb*=238U(eλ238t-1)の関係があるので,206Pb*と238Uの量がわかれば年代を計算できる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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