Feudal law - English

Japanese: 封建法 - ほうけんほう(英語表記)feudal law 英語
Feudal law - English

A law that regulated the relationship between feudal lords and feudal vassals (between the ruling classes) in medieval Europe. The relationship between lord and vassal was created by a contract based on a duty of good faith between the lord and vassal, and consisted of two elements: the vassal's oath of good faith and the lord's bestowal of a fief (commendatio) to the lord, and the lord's granting of a fief to the vassal. Feudal law showed great developments from the 9th to the 13th centuries, but it was formed over a long period of time by the accumulation of individual feudal contracts in response to the circumstances of the time, and there are differences both historically and regionally. Feudal law can be found in the feudal law books of the Lombardy region, the feudal law section of the Saxonspiegel, the French book Beaumanoir's "The Common Law of Beauvage," and Bracton's "The Common Law of England." In centralized England and France, as the power of the king strengthened, feudal law centered on the king was seen, while in decentralized Germany, the rights of vassals were strong, as can be seen in the compulsory acceptance of feudal titles.

[Atsushi Sato]

"Legal Structure of Feudal Society" by Koshiro Sera (1977, Sobunsha)""Sachsenspiegel, Volume 2, by Eige von Repgow, translated by Michiyasu Kanazawa (1939, Waseda University Law Association)""Outline of the History of German Legal System, revised edition, by Mitteris and Lieberich, translated by Koshiro Sera (1971, Sobunsha)""Introduction to French Law, Volumes 1 and 2, by Yoshiyuki Noda (1955, Yuhikaku)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中世ヨーロッパにおける封建領主と封建家臣との関係(支配階級相互間)を規律した法。主従関係は、封主と封臣との誠実義務を基礎とした契約により発生し、封臣の封主への託身(たくしん)(コメンダティオ)と誠実の宣誓、および封主の封臣への封(ふう)の授与という二つからなっている。封建法は9世紀から13世紀に大きな展開を示すが、長い時代をかけその時々の情況に応じて個々の封建契約の積み重ねによって形成されたものであり、時代的にも地域的にも相違をみせている。ロンバルディア地方の封建法書、ザクセンシュピーゲルの封建法の部分や、フランスのボーマノアールの『ボーベージ慣習法』、ブラクトンの『イギリスの慣習法』にも封建法の記述がみられるが、中央集権化していったイギリスやフランスでは、国王の権力の強化に伴い国王中心の封建法がみられ、地方分権化していたドイツでは、受封強制にみられるように封臣の権利が強いものであった。

[佐藤篤士]

『世良晃志郎著『封建制社会の法的構造』(1977・創文社)』『アイゲ・フォン・レプゴウ著、金沢理康訳『ザクセンシュピーゲル 下巻』(1939・早稲田大学法学会)』『ミッタイス、リーベリッヒ著、世良晃志郎訳『ドイツ法制史概説』改訂版(1971・創文社)』『野田良之著『フランス法概論 上巻(1)(2)』(1955・有斐閣)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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