Hokaiji Temple

Located in Nishidaido-cho, Daigohino, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, this temple is a special head temple of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, Daigo school. It is called Tokozan and commonly known as "Hino Yakushi". It was founded in 1051 (Eisho 6) by the wish of Hino Sukenari, and was originally a Tendai sect temple. For generations, the Hino clan's monyo dedicated their wealth to building the temple buildings, so the temple complex was extremely majestic and beautiful, but it was burned down during the Onin War at the end of the Muromachi period, and now only two buildings remain: the Yakushi Hall (main hall, national important cultural property) and the Amida Hall (national treasure). The main hall burned down during the Tensho era (1573-92), and the current Yakushido is an ancient building dating back to 1456 (Kosho 2), which was relocated in 1904 (Meiji 37) from the Kanjodo Hall of Dento-ji Temple in Tatsuta, Nara Prefecture. Inside the hall are the statue of Yakushi Nyorai (said to have been made by Dengyo Daishi), a designated national important cultural property, and the statues of Nikko and Gakko Bosatsu (bosatsu) and the twelve heavenly generals (said to have been made by Unkei). It is said that praying to this principal image will grant miraculous aid in breastfeeding, and it has been worshipped by many people since ancient times, leading to the name "Chichi Yakushi" (milk Yakushi). The Amida Hall was said to have been built around the same time as the Phoenix Hall of Byodo-in Temple in Uji during the Heian period, but based on its architecture and murals, it is now believed to have been built in 1226 (Karoku 2), during the early Kamakura period. It houses a 18-foot-tall seated Amida Buddha statue (national treasure) said to have been created by Jocho. In addition, the 23 murals (national treasures), including a flying celestial figure painted on the plaster wall above the inner sanctuary's nageshi (rail beam), are valuable in the history of painting. The naked dance of the Shusho-e ceremony held on January 14th is also famous.

[Masahiro Nomura]

"Ancient Temple Pilgrimage: Kyoto 29: Hokkaiji Temple" (1979, Tankosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都市伏見(ふしみ)区醍醐日野(だいごひの)西大道町にある真言(しんごん)宗醍醐派の別格本山。東光山(とうこうざん)と号する。通称「日野薬師(ひのやくし)」。1051年（永承6）日野資業(すけなり)の本願によって創建され、もとは天台宗であった。代々、日野一族門葉が資財をなげうって堂塔を整えたので、伽藍(がらん)の威容は荘厳美麗を極めていたが、室町末期に応仁(おうにん)の乱の兵火にかかって焼失し、現在は薬師堂（本堂、国重文）と阿弥陀(あみだ)堂（国宝）の二宇が残る。本堂は天正(てんしょう)年間（1573～92）に炎上し、現存の薬師堂は1904年（明治37）奈良県竜田の伝燈寺の灌頂(かんじょう)堂を移築した1456年（康正2）の古建築である。堂内には国重文指定の本尊薬師如来(にょらい)像（伝、伝教(でんぎょう)大師作）と、脇侍(きょうじ)の日光・月光菩薩(ぼさつ)像、十二神将像（伝、運慶(うんけい)作）を安置する。この本尊に祈願すると授乳の霊験あらたかであるといわれ、昔から多くの人々に信仰され、「乳(ちち)薬師」ともいわれてきた。阿弥陀堂は平安時代に宇治の平等院鳳凰堂(ほうおうどう)と相前後して建てられたといわれてきたが、建築、壁画などから、今日では鎌倉初期の1226年（嘉禄2）造営と推測され、定朝(じょうちょう)作と伝える丈六の阿弥陀如来坐像(ざぞう)（国宝）を安置している。また、内陣長押(なげし)上部の漆喰(しっくい)壁に描かれた飛天図など23面の壁画（国宝）は絵画史上貴重なもの。1月14日に行われる修正会(しゅしょうえ)の裸踊りは有名。

［野村全宏］

『『古寺巡礼　京都29　法界寺』（1979・淡交社）』

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