Worms Agreement (English: Wormser Konkordat) German

An agreement concluded in 1122 between Holy Roman Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II. It ended the Investiture Controversy that had been going on since 1076. The biggest point of contention was the clash between the Pope's argument that the investiture of high-ranking clergy such as bishops, archbishops, and imperial abbots by secular authority (the emperor) constituted simony (as it obligated the clergy to serve the emperor), and the imperial position that had entrusted a large part of state administration to the church through the so-called Imperial Church Policy since Otto I. However, a compromise was reached thanks to the theory of Bishop Iboho, Bishop of Chartres, that investiture by secular authority (conferring of church lands and incidental secular powers) should be separated from investiture based on ecclesiastical authority (conferring of bishoprics). The appointment of clergy was subject to canonical election and was carried out in a two-fold manner: the investiture of the Pope with ring and staff and the investiture of the imperial scepter. In Germany, the imperial investiture took precedence, while in Burgundy and Italy, the investiture of the pope took precedence.

[Shosuke Hirajo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1122年、神聖ローマ皇帝ハインリヒ5世と教皇カリクストゥス2世の間に結ばれた協定。1076年以降の叙任権闘争がこれにより収束した。最大の争点は、俗権（皇帝）による司教、大司教、帝国修道院長などの高位聖職者の叙任が（聖職者はこれにより皇帝への奉仕を義務づけられるため）聖職売買（シモニー）に該当するという教皇側の主張と、オットー1世以来いわゆる帝国教会政策によって、国家行政を大幅に教会に託してきた皇帝側の立場との衝突であるが、俗権による叙任（教会領および付帯的世俗権力の授封）と、教権に基づく叙品（司教権の授与）とを分離すべきであるというシャルトル司教イボオの理論により妥協が成立した。聖職者の任命は、教会法に基づく選挙を前提とし、教皇の指輪と杖(つえ)とによる叙品、さらに皇帝の笏(しゃく)による叙任の二重の形式で行われ、ドイツに関しては皇帝の叙任が、ブルグントとイタリアに関しては教皇の叙品が先行するように取り決められた。

［平城照介］

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