Based on the provisions of the Customs Law, statistics are compiled and published periodically based on the declarations of exports and imports submitted to the customs house regarding exports from Japan to foreign countries and imports from foreign countries to Japan. They are also known as customs statistics. They are conducted based on the Basic Notification on Statistics Concerning Foreign Trade, etc., and there are three types of statistics: (1) ordinary trade statistics, (2) special trade statistics, and (3) ship and aircraft statistics. Ordinary trade statistics are statistics on the export and import of goods. However, they exclude small-value goods (less than 200,000 yen), passenger goods and automobiles treated as personal effects or unaccompanied luggage, goods belonging to the Emperor and his family, goods belonging to heads of state and their families and attendants, goods related to diplomats, goods related to the military, gold coins and monetary gold, etc. The recorded value of goods is based on the declared price, with FOB (free on board) price for exports and CIF (insurance and freight included) price for imports. As a general rule, the time of recording statistics is the date of departure of the goods for exports and the date of import permission for imports. Special trade statistics refer to gold statistics (statistics on gold coins and monetary gold), ship's and aircraft supplies statistics (statistics on loaded ship's and aircraft supplies), and transit trade statistics (statistics on foreign cargo passing through Japan). Ship and aircraft statistics refer to statistics on the arrival and departure of ships and aircraft. Unless otherwise specified, trade statistics refers to ordinary trade statistics in (1). Trade statistics are some of the oldest in Japan, having been compiled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1869 (Meiji 2). They were then transferred to the Ministry of Finance in 1871, and then to the Ministry of Finance in 2001 (Heisei 13) following the reorganization of the central government. [Nobuo Iizuka September 17, 2020] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
関税法の規定に基づき、日本から外国への輸出および外国から日本への輸入について、税関に提出された輸出入の申告を集計し、定期的に公表している統計。通関統計という別称がある。外国貿易等に関する統計基本通達に基づいて実施されており、(1)普通貿易統計、(2)特殊貿易統計、(3)船舶・航空機統計の3種類がある。 普通貿易統計とは、貨物の輸出、輸入に関する統計である。ただし、少額貨物(20万円以下のもの)、旅貨物および携帯品・別送品扱いの自動車、天皇および皇族の貨物、各国の元首・その一族および従者に属する貨物、外交官関係の貨物、軍関係の貨物、金貨および貨幣用金などは除かれている。貨物の計上価格については、輸出はFOB(本船渡し)価格、輸入はCIF(保険料・運賃込み)価格が基準とされ、申告価格に基づいて行われる。統計の計上時点に関しては、原則として、輸出については貨物の出港日に、輸入については輸入許可日とされている。 特殊貿易統計とは、金統計(金貨および貨幣用金に関する統計)、船用品・機用品統計(積み込まれた船用品および機用品に関する統計)および通過貿易統計(本邦を通過する外国貨物に関する統計)をさす。船舶・航空機統計とは、船舶および航空機の入出港に関する統計をさす。なお、とくに断らない限り、貿易統計は(1)の普通貿易統計をさす。 貿易統計は、日本の統計中でもっとも古くから存在するものの一つであり、1869年(明治2)に外務省によって編成されたのが始まりである。その後1871年に大蔵省に、そして2001年(平成13)からは中央省庁再編に伴い財務省に移管された。 [飯塚信夫 2020年9月17日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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