A machine that extracts heat from a low-temperature heat source and gives it to a high-temperature heat source by applying work from the outside. It is also called a heat pump. It is similar to a refrigerator and a freezer. A freezer is used to lower the temperature of a low-temperature heat source, but a heat pump is a pump that continuously pumps heat from a low-temperature heat source to a high-temperature heat source, so it is called a heat pump. The cycle is equivalent to running a heat engine in reverse. Heat pumps are used as heating devices that use outdoor air or cold water as a low-temperature heat source and indoor air at higher temperatures as a high-temperature heat source, and heat pumped from a low-temperature heat source to warm indoor air. By switching the refrigerant system, they can be used for cooling, pumping heat from indoors to outdoors, with outdoor air cooled by cold water as a high-temperature heat source and indoor air as a low-temperature heat source. The principle of heat pumps was proposed by W. Thomson (Kelvin) in 1850. They are used for heating and cooling, for concentrating solutions, and as self-evaporating evaporators. [Masatake Yoshida] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
低温度の熱源から熱を取り出し、外から仕事を加えて高温の熱源に熱を与える機械。ヒートポンプheat pumpともいう。冷凍機、冷蔵庫と同類である。冷凍機などは低温の熱源の温度を下げるために用いられるが、熱ポンプは継続して低温熱源から熱を高温熱源にくみ上げるので、熱をくみ上げるポンプ、すなわち熱ポンプとよばれる。サイクルは熱機関を逆に動かすものに相当する。 熱ポンプは、室外の空気または冷水を低温熱源として室内のより高温の空気を高温熱源とし、低音熱源からくみ上げた熱で室内の空気を温める暖房装置として使用され、冷媒系統を切り替えれば冷水で冷却される室外の空気を高温熱源として室内の空気を低温熱源とし、室内から室外へ熱をくみ上げる冷房に利用できる。熱ポンプの原理は1850年W・トムソン(ケルビン)により提唱された。冷暖房用、溶液の濃縮用、自己蒸発式蒸発装置などに応用されている。 [吉田正武] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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