Historical changes in vowels. There are two types of vowel changes: (1) changes in quality and (2) changes in quantity (length). In Classical Latin, there were ten vowels: short vowels /a, e, i, o, u/ and long vowels /ā, ē, ī, ō, ū/. In Vulgar Latin, these are reduced to seven: /a, ɛ, e, i, o, ɔ, u/. In this case, the distinction between long and short is lost and the quality of the vowels also changes. In other words, /a, ā/ → /a/, /ē, i/ → /e/, /ō, u/ → /o/, and /ī/ → /i/, /ū/ → /u/, but the short vowels /e/ and /o/ changed to the wider /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, respectively. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
歴史的に見た母音の変化。母音変化には,(1)質の変化と,(2)量(長さ)の変化とがある。古典ラテン語には短母音/a,e,i,o,u/と長母音/ā,ē,ī,ō,ū/の計10個の母音があった。これらが俗ラテン語では/a,ɛ,e,i,o,ɔ,u/の七つに減少している。この場合,長短の区別が失われるとともに音質にも変化が生じている。つまり/a,ā/→/a/,/ē,i/→/e/,/ō,u/→/o/となり,/ī/→/i/,/ū/→/u/と短くなったが,短母音の/e/と/o/はそれぞれ広い/ɛ/と/ɔ/に変わった。
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