German astronomer. Born in Hamburg. In 1811, he studied mathematics and astronomy under Gauss at the University of Göttingen, and served as an artillery officer from 1813 to 1815. In 1816, he became assistant at the Seeberg Observatory on Gauss's recommendation, and in 1822 became its director. In 1825, he succeeded Bode as professor of astronomy at the University of Berlin and director of the university's observatory, a position he held until 1863. His main achievements include studying the orbits of comets and asteroids, and identifying a comet that appeared in 1818 with a short period of 3.3 years that had been discovered three times before, which came to be called Comet Encke. He also contributed to the discovery of Neptune by producing a detailed zodiacal star chart, revised and published the Berlin Astronomical Ephemeris, and determined the solar parallax by observing the transit of Venus. He received the gold medal from the Royal Society of Great Britain. [Shimamura Fukutaro] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの天文学者。ハンブルク生まれ。1811年ゲッティンゲン大学でガウスに数学、天文学を学び、1813~1815年砲兵士官として従軍、1816年ガウスの推薦でゼーベルク天文台助手、1822年台長となった。1825年ボーデの後継者としてベルリン大学天文学教授兼同大学付置天文台台長に就任し、1863年まで在職した。おもな業績は、彗星(すいせい)・小惑星の軌道を研究し、1818年出現の彗星が短周期3.3年で以前3回も発見されたことを同定、これはエンケ彗星とよばれる。また黄道精細星図の作製により海王星発見に寄与し、『ベルリン天体暦』を改訂刊行し、金星の日面通過の観測により太陽視差を決定した。イギリスの王立協会の金賞を受けた。 [島村福太郎] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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