Prescriptive grammar is made up of rules that determine "right and wrong" in the use of language for practical purposes, as opposed to descriptive grammar, which aims to objectively describe linguistic phenomena. It is also called school grammar, as it is mainly used when learning grammar in schools. One example is that when saying "It is me" in English, "It is I" is incorrect, and you should say "It's me." In Japan, the grammar of the Heian period, and in Europe, Latin grammar, were the "correct grammar," and they came to determine the view of grammar and research of grammar in later generations. Although prescriptive grammar has its own reason for existence, linguistics is the study of language with the aim of creating descriptive grammar. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
言語現象の客観的記述を目指す記述文法に対するもので,実用的目的から言語の使用上の「正・不正」を決めた規則から成り立つ。主として学校における文法学習の際に行われるので,学校文法ともいわれる。英語で「私です」と言うとき,It's me.はまちがいで,It's I.というべきであるというのがその一例。日本においては平安時代の文法が,ヨーロッパにおいてはラテン文法が,「正しい文法」として長く後世の文法観と文法研究を規定することになった。規範文法にもそれなりの存在理由はあるが,言語学は記述文法を目指して言語を研究するものである。
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