Born December 8, 1765 in Westborough, Massachusetts. [Died] January 8, 1825. New Haven, Connecticut. American inventor. Born to a farming family. He showed a talent for machines from his childhood, and devised new devices while attending Yale University. After graduating from college (1792), he became acquainted with a cotton trader in Georgia and invented the cotton gin, known as the "gin." This machine was copied because of its simple structure, which involved passing cotton seeds through a row of spikes to separate the seeds from the fibers, and although he obtained a patent, it was of no practical use. However, the rapid spread of this machine led to a dramatic change in the quality and price of cotton, and it contributed greatly to the progress of the American cotton industry. In 1798, he switched to the production of rifles, and was contracted to make muskets for the government. He standardized the parts and made them interchangeable with those of other products. This production method was later adopted and developed by other government arsenals and various manufacturers, and became the basis of mass production, also known as the American production system. Whitney |
[生]1765.12.8. マサチューセッツ,ウェストボロ [没]1825.1.8. コネティカット,ニューヘーブン アメリカの発明家。農家に生れる。少年時代から機械に対する才能を発揮し,エール大学在学中も新しい装置を工夫。大学卒業 (1792) 後,ジョージア州の綿業者との交友をきっかけに「ジン」と呼ばれる綿繰機を発明した。この機械は1列に並べて植えた大釘に綿の実を通過させて種子を繊維から分離するという簡単な構造だったために模倣されて,特許は取ったものの実益はなかった。しかしこの機械の急速な普及により,綿の品質と価格が飛躍的に変化し,アメリカ綿業の進歩に大きく貢献した。 1798年小銃の生産に転じ,政府に納めるマスケット銃の製作を契約,部品を標準化し,他の製品の部品と互換可能とした。この生産方法はのちに他の政府兵器廠や各種製造業者により採用されて発展し,アメリカ式生産方式とも呼ばれる大量生産の基礎となった。 ホイットニー
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