A long, thin, protruding, motile organelle found in some bacteria, flagellates, sperm, etc. Bacterial flagella consist of three parts: a filament made of a single protein, flagellin, a base embedded in the bacterial body, and a hook located between the two. The number of flagellar filaments varies depending on the type of bacteria and culture conditions. In some cases, many flagellar filaments grow from the entire surface of the bacterial body (peritrichosis), while in other cases, they grow only at the anterior or posterior end of the bacterial body (polar filaments). Eukaryotic flagella are formed by encasing the axoneme and protoplasm in a flagellar membrane. The basic structure is the same as that of cilia. The axoneme is often made up of 9+2 microtubules, but in some cases, such as the tail flagellum of sperm of some insects, there are 9+3 or 9+9+0. In some cases, such as the tail flagellum of mammalian sperm and the flagellum of the ceratium of dinoflagellates, there are additional filamentous structures in addition to the microtubules. The flagella of many plant flagellates have delicate, fibrous projections called mastigonemes along their sides. [Shoji Baba] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある種の細菌、鞭毛虫類、精子などにみられる、細長い突起状をした運動性の細胞小器官をいう。細菌の鞭毛は、単一タンパク質フラジェリンよりなる繊維部、菌体に埋まっている基部、これらの間に位置するフック、の三つの部分からなる。鞭毛繊維の数は細菌の種類や培養条件などによって異なる。菌体の全表面から多数の鞭毛繊維の生える場合(周毛性)と、菌体の後端または前端のみに生える場合(極毛性)とがある。真核細胞の鞭毛は、鞭毛膜に軸糸と原形質を包んだ形のものである。その基本構造は繊毛のそれと同一である。軸糸は9+(プラス)2本の微小管よりなることが多いが、ある種の昆虫の精子尾部鞭毛のように9+3本、9+9+0本などの場合もある。また哺乳(ほにゅう)類精子の尾部鞭毛や渦鞭毛虫類のケラチウムの鞭毛のように、微小管のほかに付属の繊維構造をもつ場合もある。多くの植物性鞭毛虫類の鞭毛は、その側面にマスティゴネームという繊細な繊維状突起を生やしている。 [馬場昭次] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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