A German-born philosopher of science, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Berlin. Influenced by Reichenbach, Schlick, Carnap and others, he started out as a logical empiricist. He defected to the United States in 1937, and became a professor of philosophy at Princeton University from 1955 onwards. In his later years he became a professor of philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh. He achieved many things, but the theory of scientific explanation that has had an impact to this day is the one he developed together with Paul Oppenheim (1885-1977). This was called the "deductive model," and at one time it was on the verge of becoming the established theory of scientific explanation. However, this model was later severely criticized by Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994). His major works include the following: His works include "The Concept of Types under a New Logic" (1936, co-authored with Oppenheim), "The Foundations of Conceptual Construction in Empirical Science" (1952), "Problems of Scientific Explanation" (1965), and "Philosophy of Natural Science" (1966). [Hiroshi Kurosaki October 20, 2015] "Philosophy of Natural Science" (translated by Hiroshi Kurosaki, 1967, Baifukan) "Problems of Scientific Explanation" (translated by Genichiro Nagasaka, 1973, Iwanami Shoten) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ生まれの科学哲学者。ベルリン大学で学位Ph. D.を得る。ライヘンバハ、シュリック、カルナップなどの影響を受け、論理経験主義者として出発した。1937年にアメリカへ亡命し、1955年以降はプリンストン大学の哲学教授。晩年はピッツバーグ大学の哲学教授。業績は多岐にわたるが、今日までもその影響が残っているのは、オッペンハイムPaul Oppenheim(1885―1977)とともに展開した科学的説明についての理論である。これは、「演繹モデル(えんえきもでる)」といわれ、一時は科学的説明についての定説になりかけた。しかしその後このモデルは、ファイヤアーベントPaul Feyerabend(1924―1994)によって厳しく批判された。おもな著作に次のようなものがある。『新しい論理学の下で見られたタイプの概念』(1936、オッペンハイムと共著)、『経験科学における概念構成の基礎』(1952)、『科学的説明の諸問題』(1965)、『自然科学の哲学』(1966)など。 [黒崎 宏 2015年10月20日] 『黒崎宏訳『自然科学の哲学』(1967・培風館)』▽『長坂源一郎訳『科学的説明の諸問題』(1973・岩波書店)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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