Varlamov, L.

...Soviet films had traditionally portrayed groups rather than specific individuals as protagonists, but director MI Romm (1901-1971) portrayed Lenin as a human being in the historical context of the October Revolution in his films Lenin in October (1937) and Lenin in 1918 (1939).
[The Great Patriotic War and its aftermath]
In 1941, the Soviet Union faced its greatest crisis due to the German invasion, but during this "Great Patriotic War," documentary films were made to boost the morale of the people, including L. Varlamov's "Stalingrad" (1943), and films such as "Earth on Fire" (1944), a film adaptation of Vasilevskaya's novel by MS Donskoi (1897-1981), and "Zoya" (1944), a film about an 18-year-old partisan girl in the war to defend the Patriotic Homeland, were also made. In 1944, the war ended in victory, but along with "Stalinism," which was called a "bad legacy," formalist political doctrine and artistic supremacy were born, especially among the great masters, and Eisenstein's "Ivan the Terrible" (1944) and Pudovkin's "Admiral Nakhimov" (1946) were criticized for their "bias" and were revised.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Varlamov, L." are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ソビエト映画は特定の個人ではなく集団を主人公として描いてきたが，ロンムM.I.Romm(1901‐71)監督は，十月革命の歴史的な道程のなかのレーニンを人間的にとらえて《十月のレーニン》(1937)，続いて《一九一八年のレーニン》(1939)をつくった。
［大祖国戦争とその後］
　1941年，ソビエトはドイツの侵略によって最大の危機を迎えたが，この〈大祖国戦争〉のなかでワルラーモフL.Varlamov監督の《スターリングラード》(1943)をはじめ国民の士気を高める記録映画がつくられ，また，ワシレフスカヤの小説をドンスコイM.S.Don‐skoi(1897‐1981)監督が映画化した《戦火の大地》(1944)，祖国防衛戦争における18歳のパルチザンの少女を描いたアルンシタムL.O.Arnshtam監督の《ゾーヤ》(1944)などがつくられた。44年，戦争は勝利に終わったが，〈悪い遺産〉といわれた〈スターリン主義〉とともに，とくに巨匠たちの間に形式主義的な政治主義あるいは芸術至上主義が生まれ，エイゼンシテインの《イワン雷帝》(1944)やプドフキンの《ナヒーモフ提督》(1946)はその〈偏向〉が批判されて改作させられた。…

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