When linearly polarized light passes through certain crystals or liquids, the plane of polarization may rotate (optical rotation). This is an optical instrument that measures the degree of optical rotation. If two Nicol prisms are arranged so that the polarization planes are at right angles to each other, no light passes through and the field of view is dark. If the optically active substance to be measured is inserted between them, the field of view becomes brighter according to the degree of optical rotation. The angle of rotation when one of the Nicol analyzers is rotated to return it to the original dark field can be measured to determine the degree of optical rotation. This principle is used in saccharometers, which measure the concentration of sugar solutions. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ある種の結晶や液体中を直線偏光の光が通ると,その偏光面が回転する (旋光性 ) ことがある。このような旋光の度合いをはかる光学器械。2つのニコルのプリズムを偏光面が直角になるように配置すれば,光が通らないから視野は暗い。その間に測定しようとする旋光性物質を挿入すれば視野は旋光の度合いに応じて明るくなる。これを検光子である1つのニコルを回転してもとの暗視野に戻すときの回転角で旋光度を測定できる。この原理を使ったものに砂糖溶液の濃度を測定する検糖計がある。
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