The position of chief administrator in the provinces of the Achaemenid Empire. It is a corrupted version of the ancient Iranian word kshatrapa * xšaθrapā, meaning "protector of the kingdom." The satrap system began before the Persian dynasty, but was established under Darius I (reigned 522-486 BC). Usually Persian royalty or nobility were appointed. Together with inspectors and resident military commanders dispatched from the central government, they reported directly to the central government and governed the provinces with their own independent authority. This system was intended to decentralize control over the provinces, but the satraps' authority, including the right to collect taxes, was very strong, and they became hereditary, so in later periods they often defected from the central government. There were more than 20 satraps in the time of Darius I, but this increased or decreased due to the reorganization of the empire and the provinces. This system was inherited in the East for a long time after Darius' dynasty. [Shunsuke Okuno] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アケメネス朝ペルシアの属州に置かれた行政長官職。「王国の守護者」という意味の古代イラン語クシャトラパ*xšaθrapāの訛(なま)り。サトラップ制は同朝以前に始まるが、ダリウス1世(在位前522~前486)が整備確立した。普通ペルシア人王侯貴族が任命された。中央から派遣された監視官および駐在軍司令とともに中央政府に直属し、それぞれ独立した権限をもって属州を統治した。この制度は属州の支配力の分散を図ったものであるが、サトラップの権限は徴税権をはじめ強大であり、世襲化も進んだため、後期にはよく中央から離反した。サトラップの数はダリウス1世の時代には20余であったが、帝国の版図および属州の編成替えで増減した。この制度は同朝以降も長く東洋で継承された。 [奥西峻介] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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