Born: May 4, 1860, Budapest [Died] July 3, 1904. Erlach. A Jewish journalist from Austria. Founder of the Zionist movement. While in Paris as a correspondent for the New Freedom Newspaper, he encountered the Dreyfus Affair and was deeply shocked by the practice of Jewish exclusion, which led him to aspire to Jewish unity. In 1896, he wrote Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), in which he argued that the Jewish problem was not one of assimilation with other ethnic groups, but an ethnic problem, and that the only way to build a Jewish state was through organized and political action, and thus became the founder of the Zionist movement. In 1897, he held the first Zionist Congress in Basel, where he resolved to establish a Jewish national home in Palestine and to form the International Zionist Union. He published the journal Die Welt (The World). He negotiated with the sovereign Turkish government but failed to come to any fruition, and in 1898, he also failed in negotiations with the British and Egyptian governments over the transfer of the Sinai Peninsula. In 1903, Britain offered the Zionist Party British East Africa (now Uganda), but the movement struggled due to divisions within the party, and it died in the midst of this. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1860.5.4. ブダペスト [没]1904.7.3. エルラハ オーストリアのユダヤ人ジャーナリスト。シオニズム運動の創始者。『新自由新聞』通信員としてパリに滞在中,ドレフュス事件に接し,ユダヤ人排斥が行われていることに強い衝撃を受け,ユダヤ人の団結を志した。 1896年『ユダヤ人国家』 Der Judenstaatを著わして,ユダヤ人問題は,他民族との同化でなく,民族的問題であり,組織的・政治的行動によるユダヤ人国家建設以外にないと主張,シオニズム運動の創始者となった。 97年バーゼルで第1回シオニスト大会を開催し,ユダヤ人のナショナル・ホームをパレスチナに建設するという目標と,「国際シオニスト連合」の結成を決議。機関紙『世界』 Die Weltを発行。主権国たるトルコ政府と交渉したが具体化せず,98年イギリスおよびエジプト政府とのシナイ半島譲渡の交渉も失敗。 1903年には,イギリスがイギリス領東アフリカ (現ウガンダ) を提供したが,シオニスト内部で意見が分れ運動は難航,そのさなかに没した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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