A lake formed by the filling of a volcanic crater. The lake basin is generally circular, and rarely has a diameter of more than 1.5 km. It is also shallower than a caldera lake, usually only up to 50 m deep. However, some are more than 100 m deep. There are many crater lakes in Japan. Okama on Mt. Zao, Goshikinuma on Mt. Azuma, Yugama on Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane, Onami-ike, Byakushi-ike, and Rokukannonji-ike on Mt. Kirishima are typical volcanic explosion crater lakes. There are also crater lakes called maars, which are filled with water in craters that do not form volcanic bodies but are slightly elevated in a circular shape. There are many maars in the Eifel region of Germany and the Auvergne region of France. These maars are characterized by their extremely deep water compared to their surface area. In Japan, Ichinomegata, Ninomegata, and Sannomegata of Lake Hachirogata are said to be maars, but they are not very deep compared to their surface area. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
火山の噴火口に湛水してできた湖。湖盆形態は一般に円形で,直径は 1.5kmをこえるものはまれである。深度もカルデラ湖と比較すると浅く,通常は 50mぐらいまでである。しかしなかには 100mをこえるものもある。日本では火口湖はきわめて多い。蔵王山の御釜,吾妻山の五色沼,草津白根山の湯釜,霧島山の大浪池,白紫池,六観音寺池などは典型的な火山の爆裂火口湖である。このほか周辺が環状にわずか高まるだけで火山体を形成していないマールと呼ばれる火口に湛水した火口湖もある。ドイツのアイフェル地方やフランスのオーベルニュ地方などには数多くのマールがある。これらのマールは,その水面積に比べて水深が著しく深いのが特色である。日本では八郎潟の一ノ目潟,二ノ目潟,三ノ目潟がマールだといわれているが,水面積に比して水深はそれほどではない。
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