Herculaneum - Herculaneum (English spelling)

Japanese: ヘルクラネウム - へるくらねうむ(英語表記)Herculaneum
Herculaneum - Herculaneum (English spelling)

An ancient city located in southern Italy, on the western foot of Mount Vesuvius. Herculaneum is its Latin name, Greek name Hērakleion, Italian name Ercolano. Today, Ercolano is a town in the Province of Naples, Campania, with a population of 54,699 (2001 census preliminary figure), located on the site of an ancient city. In 1997, it was registered as a World Heritage Site along with Pompeii and Torre Annunziata (World Cultural Heritage).

Since ancient times, it was inhabited by Italian peoples such as the Osci and Samnites, but in the 6th century BC, it was colonized by Greeks and became a Greek-style city, coming under the influence of Neapolis (Naples). Its name comes from the fact that it had Hercules as its patron deity. It was once ruled by Nuceria and joined the Samnite alliance, but it submitted to Rome, which had advanced into Campania, and allied with it to become an autonomous city in the 1st century BC. Its population at the time was about 5,000, but it prospered as a villa area for Roman citizens, with public buildings and elegant mansions built. On August 24, 79 AD, it was hit by a hot mudslide caused by the great eruption of Mount Vesuvius, and was buried in an instant along with Pompeii. It was not rebuilt after that, and a settlement was built on top of the covered soil, but in 1927, excavations began officially, providing valuable materials for elucidating ancient history.

[Nobuo Matsumoto]

Ruins of Herculaneum (Herculaneum)
An ancient city buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. At the time, it prospered as a villa area for Roman citizens, and public buildings and elegant mansions were built there. Part of the World Heritage Site "Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata" (Italy, registered in 1997) Italy Herculaneum ©Shogakukan ">

Ruins of Herculaneum (Herculaneum)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリア南部、ベスビオ火山西麓(せいろく)にあった古代都市。ヘルクラネウムはラテン名で、ギリシア名ヘラクレイオンHērakleion、イタリア名エルコラノErcolano。現在のエルコラノはカンパニア州ナポリ県の町で、人口5万4699(2001国勢調査速報値)、古代都市の跡に位置する。1997年にポンペイ、トッレ・アヌンツィアータとともに世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

 古くよりオスク、サムニウムなどのイタリア系民族が居住したが、やがて紀元前6世紀にギリシア人が植民してギリシア風の都市となり、ネアポリス(ナポリ)の影響下に入った。名称は、ヘラクレスを守護神としたことによる。一時ヌケリアに支配されてサムニウムの同盟に入ったが、カンパニアに進出したローマに服し、これと同盟して前1世紀に自治都市となった。当時の人口は約5000だがローマ市民の別荘地として繁栄し、公共建築や瀟洒(しょうしゃ)な邸宅が建てられた。紀元後79年8月24日ベスビオ火山の大爆発により熱泥流に襲われ、ポンペイとともに一瞬のうちに埋没した。その後復興されず、覆土の上に集落ができていたが、1927年に正式に発掘が始まり、古代史の解明に貴重な資料を提供している。

[松本宣郎]

ヘルクラネウム(エルコラノ)の遺跡
紀元後79年のベスビオ火山の噴火により埋没した古代都市。当時はローマ市民の別荘地として繁栄し、公共建築や瀟洒な邸宅が建てられた。世界文化遺産「ポンペイ、エルコラノおよびトッレ・アヌンツィアータの遺跡地域」の一部(イタリア・1997年登録) イタリア エルコラノ©Shogakukan">

ヘルクラネウム(エルコラノ)の遺跡


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