Bethlen Gábor

Japanese: ベトレン（英語表記）Bethlen Gábor

[Raw] 1580
[Died] November 15, 1629. Gyulafehérvár, Transylvania, Prince of Transylvania (reigned 1613-29). Born into a minor Protestant noble family in northern Hungary. After clashing with Gabor Báthory, he fled to the Ottoman Empire for a time, and with the support of the Ottoman Empire, he became prince in 1613. He successfully rectified the domestic turmoil that had existed up until that point, worked to promote industry and trade, protected the arts and sciences, and officially recognized religious freedom. When the Thirty Years' War broke out (18), he led his troops into northern Hungary and annexed it. In 1620, he was recommended to become King of Hungary, but he declined due to the opposition of the Ottoman Empire and the backlash of the Catholic nobles. After that, he allied with the Bohemian Hussite Protestants and German Protestant princes and clashed with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II of the Habsburgs, repeatedly engaging in wars and truces.

Bethlen
Bethlen István

Born: October 8, 1874, Gernesegh, Transylvania
[Died] October 5, 1946. Moscow. Hungarian politician. Born into a boyar family (count). Elected to parliament as a liberal in 1901. Opposed Béla Kun's Soviet Republic in 1919, and as prime minister from 1921 to 1931 implemented conservative policies such as preserving feudal privileges, halting land reform, open voting in rural areas, and restricting suffrage. In foreign policy, he negotiated membership in the League of Nations, revised the Treaty of Trianon, and worked to break down the Little Entente. During his term as prime minister, he almost achieved domestic peace and reconstruction, but resigned due to the Great Depression. After World War II, he was arrested by the Soviet army and died in prison.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1580
[没]1629.11.15. トランシルバニア，ジューラフェヘールバール
トランシルバニア侯 (在位 1613～29) 。北ハンガリーのプロテスタント小貴族の出身。バートリ・ガーボルと対立して一時オスマン帝国に亡命，オスマン帝国のうしろだてで，1613年侯位についた。それまでの内政の混乱をよく是正し，産業貿易の振興に努め，学芸を保護し，宗教的自由を公認した。三十年戦争が勃発 (18) すると北ハンガリーに兵を進めてこれを併合し，20年ハンガリー王に推挙されたが，オスマン帝国の反対とカトリック貴族の反発を考慮して辞退。以後ボヘミアのフス派の新教徒，ドイツのプロテスタント諸侯と連合して，ハプスブルク家の神聖ローマ皇帝フェルディナント2世と対立，戦争と休戦を繰返した。

ベトレン
Bethlen István

[生]1874.10.8. トランシルバニア，ゲルニェセグ
[没]1946.10.5. モスクワ
ハンガリーの政治家。大貴族の出身 (伯爵) 。 1901年自由主義者として国会議員に選出された。 19年ベーラ・クンのソビエト共和国に反対，21～31年首相として封建的特権の保存，農地改革の停止，農村での公開投票，選挙権の制限など保守的な政策を実施した。外交政策においては，国際連盟加盟の交渉，トリアノン条約の改訂，小協商の打破に努めた。首相就任中，国内平和と再建をほとんど達成したが，世界恐慌で辞職。第2次世界大戦後，ソ連軍によって逮捕され，獄死。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Sludge

>>: Pedrell, Felipe