Quinoa - quinoa (English spelling)

Japanese: キノア - きのあ(英語表記)quinoa
Quinoa - quinoa (English spelling)

An annual plant of the family Chenopodiaceae (APG classification: Amaranthaceae). Also called quinoa. It has been cultivated in the Andean highlands of South America since before the Common Era, and is a staple food in Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. The upper limit of cultivation is 4,300 meters. After the discovery of the New World, it was introduced to India, where it is cultivated in small quantities in mountainous areas. Its shape is similar to that of the Japanese akaza, and it grows 1 to 1.5 meters tall and has many thick branches. In late summer, it produces flower spikes similar to those of akaza at the top of the stem, and in autumn it produces oblate-shaped fruits 2 to 3 mm in diameter. There is differentiation in varieties, with some with purplish-red stems and fruits, some with green stems and leaves and white fruits, and some with yellowish fruits.

The seeds are starchy and contain a small amount of saponin, giving them a somewhat bitter taste, although saponin-free varieties have been developed. The seeds are ground into a powder and eaten as bread, or eaten whole as granules. A type of beer is also brewed. Ash made from the stalks is applied to coca leaves and chewed like gum to make a flavoring. The plant is also used as feed for pigs and chickens.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika January 21, 2021]

Quinoa (grain)
Also known as quinoa ©Shogakukan ">

Quinoa (grain)

Processed quinoa
Peruvian quinoa sweets (left) and roasted quinoa used in tea, cooking, etc. (right) ©Shogakukan ">

Processed quinoa


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アカザ科(APG分類:ヒユ科)の一年草。キヌアともいう。南アメリカアンデス高原地帯で紀元前から栽培され、ボリビア、ペルー、エクアドルでは主食となっている。栽培の高限は4300メートルに及ぶ。新大陸発見後、インドにも導入され、山間部でわずかに栽培されている。形は日本のアカザに似て、高さ1~1.5メートル、多くの太い枝を出す。晩夏、茎頂にアカザに似た花穂をつけ、秋に径2~3ミリメートルの扁円(へんえん)形の果実ができる。品種的分化がみられ、茎葉も果実も紫紅色を帯びるもの、茎葉が緑色で果実が白色のもの、果実が黄色みを帯びるものなどがある。

 種子はデンプン質で、わずかにサポニンを含むので一種の苦味があるが、サポニンを含まない品種もできている。種子を粉にしてパン状にして食べ、また粒のまま粥(かゆ)にして食べる。また、一種のビールを醸造する。茎からつくった灰をコカの葉につけて、チューインガムのように噛(か)んで味わう嗜好(しこう)料にも用いられる。ブタやニワトリの飼料にもされる。

[星川清親 2021年1月21日]

キノア(穀粒)
キヌアともいう©Shogakukan">

キノア(穀粒)

キノアの加工品
ペルーのキノア入り菓子(左)と、お茶、料理などに利用する焙煎したキノア(右)©Shogakukan">

キノアの加工品


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