A method of forming polyphonic textures in music. It means "heterophony," but unlike polyphony in the narrow sense, in which completely different melodies are assigned to multiple voices at the same time, it is usually used in a more limited sense to refer to an ensemble method in which essentially the same or similar variations of a melody are played at the same time. Specific methods include assigning a simple and clear melody to one voice and layering ornamental figures on top of that stable foundation, as seen typically in medieval European church vocal organum, Baroque polyphony using cantus melody, the relationship between instruments and voices in Japanese shamisen music, and the ensemble forms of Asian ethnic groups (such as gamelan). However, because terms such as polyphony and heterophony, or even the concepts themselves, are the product of Western categorical thinking, in order to explain the diversity of multi-part textures in music from the non-European world, it is necessary to base oneself on the terminology systems of each culture; in the case of Japan, examples such as "not inseparable" and "not at all separate" are appropriate. [Osamu Yamaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
音楽において多声性のテクスチュア(音構成原理)を形成する方式の一つ。「異音(性)」を意味するが、まったく異なる旋律を複数声部に同時に割り当てる狭義のポリフォニーとは違って、基本的に同一ないし類似した旋律の変形(群)を同時に聞かせるアンサンブルの方式をさす用語として限定的に用いるのが普通である。その具体的な方法としては、単純明解な旋律を一つの声部に任せておき、その安定した基礎のうえにのった形で装飾音型を重ねる方式が多く、ヨーロッパの中世教会声楽オルガヌムやバロック期の定旋律利用多声楽、日本の三味線音楽での楽器と声の関係、アジア諸民族の合奏形式(ガムランなど)に典型的にみられる。しかし、多声性やヘテロフォニーといった用語ないしその概念自体が西欧的な分類思考の所産であるため、非ヨーロッパ世界の音楽の重奏的テクスチュアの多様性を説明するためには、それぞれの文化での用語体系に立脚する必要があり、日本の場合、不即不離(つかず離れず)、ずれ(ずらし)といった用例が適切である。 [山口 修] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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