Pepper - Pepper (English spelling) Art Pepper

Japanese: ペッパー - ぺっぱー(英語表記)Art Pepper
Pepper - Pepper (English spelling) Art Pepper

American jazz saxophonist. Born in Pasadena, California to a German father and an Italian mother, he was placed in the care of his paternal grandmother at the age of five. He began playing the clarinet at the age of nine, and was gifted an alto saxophone at the age of 12. During his high school years, he performed as a member of the school band, and traveled to black neighborhoods in Los Angeles, where he interacted with many jazz musicians.

In 1943, at the age of 18, he joined the band of composer, arranger, and pianist Stan Kenton, and experienced his first recording, Those Kenton Days , showing early signs of his talent. He enlisted in the military immediately after joining, but returned in 1947 and remained with the band until 1951. From 1951 to 1953, he participated in Shorty Rogers and His Giants, a band led by trumpeter Shorty Rogers (1924-1994), a central figure in West Coast jazz, and gained recognition as an excellent alto saxophonist. During this time, he also formed his own band, and in 1952 he performed at the Surf Club in Hollywood. In the same year, he recorded his first leader session for Discovery Records. This performance was later released on the Savoy label as the album Surf Ride. In 1953, he was imprisoned for drug addiction, and again in 1954. He returned to the jazz scene in 1955 and gave many great performances through 1956. This period was the peak of his career, when his outstanding qualities were well displayed, and he made a strong impression on fans with his unique, mournful phrasing on albums such as "The Marty Paich Quartet featuring Art Pepper" and "Modern Art" (both 1956). In 1957, he released "Art Pepper Meets the Rhythm Section," an album in which he performed with trumpeter Miles Davis' rhythm section.

In the 1960s, Pepper was away from the mainstream scene due to his time in prison for drug addiction, but after his release in 1964, he completely changed his style and performed in an aggressive style strongly influenced by tenor saxophonist John Coltrane. In 1969, he entered Synanon, a drug addiction treatment facility in California, and met photographer Laurie, who was volunteering there. After his release, the two married in 1971. In 1975, he released his first album after returning to the United States, Living Legend, which was his first album as a leader in 15 years and attracted a great deal of attention. When he first visited Japan in 1977, he was enthusiastically welcomed by his fans. In 1979, with Laurie's help, he published his autobiography Straight Life , which gained a reputation for its frank confessions.

His alto sax playing was unusually lightly influenced by Charlie Parker in an era when his presence was absolute, and in that respect alone it was highly original and unique. It is also interesting to note the change from the lyrical expression of his early period to the aggressive style influenced by Coltrane in his later period.

[Masahiro Goto]

"Straight Life" by Art Pepper and Laurie Pepper, translated by Kaoru Murakoshi (1981, Swing Journal Co., Ltd.)

[References] | Kenton | Coltrane

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカのジャズ・サックス奏者。カリフォルニア州パサディナでドイツ系の父親とイタリア系の母親の間に生まれ、5歳のとき父方の祖母に預けられる。9歳でクラリネットを吹きはじめ、12歳のときアルト・サックスを贈られる。高校時代スクール・バンドの一員として演奏活動をしつつ、ロサンゼルスの黒人居住区に出かけ多くのジャズマンと交流をもつ。

 1943年、18歳で作・編曲家、ピアノ奏者であるスタン・ケントンの楽団に入団し、初レコーディング『ゾーズ・ケントン・デイズ』Those Kenton Daysを体験、早くも才能の片鱗を見せる。入団直後兵役に就くが47年に復帰、51年まで在団する。51年から53年にかけては、ウェスト・コースト・ジャズの中心的人物であるトランペット奏者ショーティ・ロジャーズShorty Rogers(1924―94)のバンド「ショーティ・ロジャーズ・アンド・ヒズ・ジャイアンツ」に参加し、優れたアルト・サックス奏者としての評価を高める。この間自らのバンドも結成し、52年にはハリウッドの「サーフ・クラブ」に出演。同年ディスカバリー・レコードに初めてのリーダー・セッションを吹き込む。この演奏はアルバム『サーフ・ライド』として後にサボイ・レーベルから発売された。53年麻薬中毒のため刑務所に収監、54年再び投獄される。55年ジャズ・シーンに復帰、56年にかけて多くの名演を残す。この時期は彼の優れた特質がよく表れた絶頂期といってよく、アルバム『マーティ・ペイチ・カルテット・フィーチャリング・アート・ペッパー』『モダン・アート』(ともに1956)など、独特の哀感のこもったフレージングでファンに強い印象を与えた。57年には、トランペット奏者マイルス・デービスのリズム・セクションと共演したアルバム『アート・ペッパー・ミーツ・ザ・リズム・セクション』を発表する。

 60年代のペッパーは薬物中毒による刑務所暮らしのため、中央のシーンからは遠ざかっていたが、64年一時出所のおりは従来の持ち味を一転させ、テナー・サックス奏者ジョン・コルトレーンの影響を強く受けた攻撃的ともいえる演奏を行っている。69年自ら薬物中毒の治療機関であるカリフォルニア州の「シナノン」に入所、同施設でボランティア活動をしていた写真家ローリーLaurieと出会い、出所後2人は71年に結婚する。75年復帰第一作アルバム『リヴィング・リジェンド』を発表、15年ぶりのリーダー作は大きな話題を呼び、77年(昭和52)初来日した際はファンの熱狂的歓迎を受ける。79年ローリーの協力により自伝『ストレート・ライフ』Straight Lifeを上梓、その赤裸々な告白が評判となる。

 彼のアルト・サックス奏法は、チャーリー・パーカーの存在が絶対的であった時代に珍しくその影響が希薄で、その点だけでもオリジナリティに富んだ個性的なものだった。また、前期の叙情性豊かな表現から、後期のコルトレーンの影響を受けたアグレッシブなスタイルに至る変化も興味深い。

[後藤雅洋]

『アート・ペッパー、ローリー・ぺッパー著、村越薫訳『ストレート・ライフ』(1981・スイングジャーナル社)』

[参照項目] | ケントン | コルトレーン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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